diff --git a/.changeset/rapid-jays-bark.md b/.changeset/rapid-jays-bark.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe1667cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/rapid-jays-bark.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+type: Added
+pr: 2458
+---
+**Config-gated provider escalation when a run hits a quota or rate limit** — an executor killed by a provider throttle stopped the phase and waited for a manual restart; escalating a tier did not help because the same throttled provider was still in play. Set `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` to an ordered list of fallback model IDs and GSD now switches provider on a quota-exceeded failure, logs the swap (`sonnet → gpt-5`), honors the provider's `Retry-After`, caps the walk at `max_escalations`, and names every model tried once the list is spent. Opt-in — unset, quota failures keep today's manual recovery prompt. (#2296)
diff --git a/docs/CONFIGURATION.md b/docs/CONFIGURATION.md
index 26acb1614..e2ac83149 100644
--- a/docs/CONFIGURATION.md
+++ b/docs/CONFIGURATION.md
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ GSD stores project settings in `.planning/config.json`. Created during `/gsd-new
 | `dynamic_routing.enabled` | boolean | `true`, `false` | `false` | Master switch for [dynamic routing with failure-tier escalation](#dynamic-routing-with-failure-tier-escalation-dynamic_routing--added-in-v140). When `true`, agents resolve to `tier_models[default_tier]` and escalate one tier up on orchestrator-detected soft failure. Added in v1.40 ([#3024](https://github.com/open-gsd/gsd-core/pull/3031)) |
 | `dynamic_routing.tier_models.<tier>` | enum | `opus`, `sonnet`, `haiku` | (none) | Tier alias for `light`, `standard`, or `heavy`. Used when `dynamic_routing.enabled: true`. Added in v1.40 |
 | `dynamic_routing.escalate_on_failure` | boolean | `true`, `false` | `true` | When `false`, escalation is disabled even if `enabled: true` — every attempt uses the default tier. Added in v1.40 |
-| `dynamic_routing.max_escalations` | integer | `0`, `1`, `2`, … | `1` | Hard cap on retries per agent invocation. Beyond the cap the resolver returns the cap-tier model. Added in v1.40 |
+| `dynamic_routing.max_escalations` | integer | `0`, `1`, `2`, … | `1` | Hard cap on retries per agent invocation. Beyond the cap the resolver returns the cap-tier model. Also caps `provider_escalation`. Added in v1.40 |
+| `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` | string[] | ordered model IDs | (none) | Opt-in fallback providers tried when a run dies on a quota / rate limit — see [provider escalation](#provider-escalation-on-quota-exceeded--added-in-v143). Added in v1.43 ([#2296](https://github.com/open-gsd/gsd-core/issues/2296)) |
 | `project_code` | string | any short string | (none) | Prefix for phase directory names (e.g., `"ABC"` produces `ABC-01-setup/`). Added in v1.31 |
 | `phase_id_convention` | enum | `"milestone-prefixed"`, `null` | `null` | Phase ID naming convention. `null` = legacy numeric IDs (`Phase 1`, `Phase 2`). `"milestone-prefixed"` = globally unique IDs that encode the enclosing milestone (`Phase 1-01`, `Phase 1-02`). Run `gsd-tools roadmap upgrade --convention milestone-prefixed` to migrate an existing ROADMAP.md. |
 | `response_language` | string | language code | (none) | Language for agent responses (e.g., `"pt"`, `"ko"`, `"ja"`). Propagates to all spawned agents for cross-phase language consistency. Added in v1.32 |
@@ -1242,7 +1243,40 @@ The `dynamic_routing` block is **disabled by default** — `enabled: false` (or
 | `dynamic_routing.tier_models.standard` | enum | (none) | Tier alias for standard. Typically `sonnet`. |
 | `dynamic_routing.tier_models.heavy` | enum | (none) | Tier alias for heavy. Typically `opus`. |
 | `dynamic_routing.escalate_on_failure` | boolean | `true` | When false, escalation is disabled (every attempt uses the default tier). |
-| `dynamic_routing.max_escalations` | integer | `1` | Hard cap on retries per agent invocation. Prevents runaway loops. |
+| `dynamic_routing.max_escalations` | integer | `1` | Hard cap on retries per agent invocation. Prevents runaway loops. Also caps the provider ladder below. |
+| `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` | string[] | (none) | Ordered fallback model IDs tried when a run dies on a provider **quota / rate limit**. Added in v1.43 ([#2296](https://github.com/open-gsd/gsd-core/issues/2296)) |
+
+#### Provider escalation on quota-exceeded — added in v1.43
+
+The tier ladder above escalates *within one provider*. That does not help when the
+provider itself is what ran out: a heavier tier on the same throttled account is still
+throttled. `provider_escalation` is a separate, opt-in ladder for exactly that case.
+
+```json
+{
+  "dynamic_routing": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "tier_models": { "light": "haiku", "standard": "sonnet", "heavy": "opus" },
+    "provider_escalation": ["gpt-5", "nvidia/llama-3.3"],
+    "max_escalations": 2
+  }
+}
+```
+
+When an executor dies and `gsd-tools agent classify-failure` classifies the error body as
+`quota-exceeded`, `execute-phase` re-resolves the model from this list instead of waiting
+for a quota reset, logs the switch (`sonnet → gpt-5`), and honors any `Retry-After` the
+provider sent. The ladder is capped at `min(max_escalations, provider_escalation.length)`;
+once spent, GSD reports every model it tried and falls back to the manual recovery prompt
+rather than silently retrying the last one.
+
+- **Opt-in.** With no `provider_escalation` configured, quota failures keep today's manual
+  wait-for-reset prompt exactly as before.
+- **Quota only.** Other failure classes (`classify-handoff-bug`, `unknown-failure`) never
+  consult this ladder — they keep the tier ladder.
+- **`escalate_on_failure: false`** disables this ladder too.
+- Entries are opaque model IDs passed to the runtime. Blank and non-string entries are
+  dropped; the surviving order is preserved.
 
 #### When to use which
 
diff --git a/docs/INVENTORY-MANIFEST.json b/docs/INVENTORY-MANIFEST.json
index e210e8a81..2bc680831 100644
--- a/docs/INVENTORY-MANIFEST.json
+++ b/docs/INVENTORY-MANIFEST.json
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@
       "execute-mvp-tdd.md",
       "execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
       "execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+      "execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
       "execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
       "execute-phase-response-language.md",
       "execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/docs/INVENTORY.md b/docs/INVENTORY.md
index bfba70a18..fdc1830a8 100644
--- a/docs/INVENTORY.md
+++ b/docs/INVENTORY.md
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ Full roster at `gsd-core/references/*.md`. References are shared knowledge docum
 | `execute-phase-context-guard.md` | Context exhaustion guard step for `execute-phase` wave loop — `workflow.context_guard_mode` dispatch table (warn/auto/off) and POOR-tier pause-work trigger (#1452). |
 | `execute-phase-requirement-revert.md` | Gap-report step for `execute-phase` — reverts this phase's own shared requirement IDs out of `Complete` in REQUIREMENTS.md before rendering a `gaps_found` report, scoped to `PHASE_REQ_IDS` so other phases' rows are untouched (#2388). |
 | `execute-phase-response-language.md` | Response-language directive for `execute-phase` orchestrator output (questions, narration, report-template prose); extracted to keep the workflow under the frozen pre-phase-6 byte ceiling (#2402). |
+| `execute-phase-quota-recovery.md` | Step 7.1 detail for `execute-phase` — `quota-exceeded` recovery: the opt-in `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` ladder (swap provider, honor `Retry-After`, fail loudly when spent) and the default manual wait-for-reset prompt (#2296). |
 | `continuation-format.md` | Session continuation/resume format. |
 | `domain-probes.md` | Domain-specific probing questions for discuss-phase. |
 | `edge-probe.md` | Spec-phase edge-completeness probe — 8-category edge taxonomy, shape classification, and the `requirements → checks → verifier` resolution model (Step 5.5). |
diff --git a/docs/how-to/configure-model-profiles.md b/docs/how-to/configure-model-profiles.md
index 8d575d2f5..99639d141 100644
--- a/docs/how-to/configure-model-profiles.md
+++ b/docs/how-to/configure-model-profiles.md
@@ -152,6 +152,35 @@ Every attempt uses `tier_models[default_tier]` regardless of outcome — useful
 
 `dynamic_routing` is **disabled by default**. Omitting the block or setting `enabled: false` preserves static resolution.
 
+### Keep going when a provider throttles you
+
+The tier ladder above escalates within one provider. When the provider itself is the thing
+that ran out of quota, a heavier tier on the same account is still throttled. Add
+`provider_escalation` — an ordered list of fallback model IDs — to keep the phase moving
+instead of stopping for a manual restart:
+
+```json
+{
+  "dynamic_routing": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "tier_models": { "light": "haiku", "standard": "sonnet", "heavy": "opus" },
+    "provider_escalation": ["gpt-5", "nvidia/llama-3.3"],
+    "max_escalations": 2
+  }
+}
+```
+
+When an executor dies on a rate limit, GSD classifies the error body, switches to the next
+model in the list, logs the swap (`sonnet → gpt-5`), and waits out any `Retry-After` the
+provider sent. The walk is capped at `min(max_escalations, provider_escalation.length)`.
+Once the list is spent, GSD names every model it tried and hands you the normal recovery
+prompt — it never silently retries the exhausted one.
+
+This is most useful on providers without a guaranteed SLA (Nvidia NIM, OpenRouter, and
+other third-party OpenCode models), where a throttle mid-phase is routine. It only fires on
+quota / rate-limit failures; other failures keep the tier ladder. Leaving
+`provider_escalation` unset preserves the manual wait-for-reset behaviour exactly.
+
 ---
 
 ## Using GSD on non-Anthropic runtimes
diff --git a/gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs b/gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs
index 767e7c221..1e205439a 100755
--- a/gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs
+++ b/gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ const { routePhasesCommand } = require('./lib/phases-command-router.cjs');
 const { routeValidateCommand } = require('./lib/validate-command-router.cjs');
 const { routeRoadmapCommand } = require('./lib/roadmap-command-router.cjs');
 const { routeCapabilityCommand } = require('./lib/capability-command-router.cjs');
-const { routeAgentCommand } = require('./lib/agent-command-router.cjs');
+const { routeAgentCommand, AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES } = require('./lib/agent-command-router.cjs');
 const smartEntryMod = require('./lib/smart-entry.cjs');
 const { routeCheckCommand } = require('./lib/check-command-router.cjs');
 const { routeTaskCommand } = require('./lib/task-command-router.cjs');
@@ -609,7 +609,20 @@ function dispatchOverlayCapabilityCommand({ command, args, cwd, raw, error, load
     let effortOverride;
     let fastModeOverride;
     let attempt;
+    let failureClass;
     const positionals = [];
+    // #2296: the valid classes come from the classifier's own frozen enum, so
+    // this validator can never drift from what `agent classify-failure` emits.
+    const validFailureClasses = Object.values(AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES);
+    const setFailureClass = (v) => {
+      if (!validFailureClasses.includes(v)) {
+        error(
+          `--failure-class must be one of: ${validFailureClasses.join(', ')}`,
+          ERROR_REASON.USAGE,
+        );
+      }
+      failureClass = v;
+    };
     for (let i = 0; i < execArgs.length; i++) {
       const a = execArgs[i];
       if (a.startsWith('--effort=')) {
@@ -628,6 +641,10 @@ function dispatchOverlayCapabilityCommand({ command, args, cwd, raw, error, load
         attempt = n;
         continue;
       }
+      if (a.startsWith('--failure-class=')) {
+        setFailureClass(a.slice('--failure-class='.length));
+        continue;
+      }
       if (a === '--effort') {
         const val = execArgs[i + 1];
         if (val === undefined || val.startsWith('--')) error('Missing value for --effort', ERROR_REASON.USAGE);
@@ -651,6 +668,13 @@ function dispatchOverlayCapabilityCommand({ command, args, cwd, raw, error, load
         i++;
         continue;
       }
+      if (a === '--failure-class') {
+        const val = execArgs[i + 1];
+        if (val === undefined || val.startsWith('--')) error('Missing value for --failure-class', ERROR_REASON.USAGE);
+        setFailureClass(val);
+        i++;
+        continue;
+      }
       if (a === '--raw') continue;
       if (a.startsWith('-')) error(`Unknown flag for resolve-execution: ${a}`, ERROR_REASON.USAGE);
       positionals.push(a);
@@ -662,6 +686,7 @@ function dispatchOverlayCapabilityCommand({ command, args, cwd, raw, error, load
       effortOverride,
       fastModeOverride,
       attempt,
+      failureClass,
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json b/gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json
index f0d43d5b9..1676e2afd 100644
--- a/gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json
+++ b/gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@
     },
     {
       "topLevel": "dynamic_routing",
-      "source": "^dynamic_routing\\.(enabled|escalate_on_failure|max_escalations|tier_models\\.(light|standard|heavy))$",
-      "description": "dynamic_routing.<enabled|escalate_on_failure|max_escalations|tier_models.<light|standard|heavy>>"
+      "source": "^dynamic_routing\\.(enabled|escalate_on_failure|max_escalations|provider_escalation|tier_models\\.(light|standard|heavy))$",
+      "description": "dynamic_routing.<enabled|escalate_on_failure|max_escalations|provider_escalation|tier_models.<light|standard|heavy>>"
     },
     {
       "topLevel": "model_overrides",
diff --git a/gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md b/gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c5fb9315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+**Step 7.1 detail — `class == "quota-exceeded"` recovery.**
+
+Do not offer "retry now". Run the step-5 spot-check first; if SUMMARY.md is missing but
+commits exist, route to safe-resume (`state.verify-against-disk`) instead of an immediate
+redispatch.
+
+**7.1a — provider escalation (#2296, opt-in).** A heavier tier on the same throttled
+provider is still throttled, so when `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` is configured
+GSD swaps PROVIDER rather than waiting for a reset. `QUOTA_ATTEMPT` starts at 1 on the
+first quota failure of this phase and increments on each subsequent one.
+
+```bash
+ESC_JSON=$(gsd_run query resolve-execution gsd-executor --attempt "${QUOTA_ATTEMPT:-1}" --failure-class quota-exceeded)
+ESCALATED=$(echo "$ESC_JSON" | jq -r '.escalation.escalated')
+EXHAUSTED=$(echo "$ESC_JSON" | jq -r '.escalation.exhausted')
+ESC_FROM=$(echo "$ESC_JSON" | jq -r '.escalation.from')
+ESC_TO=$(echo "$ESC_JSON" | jq -r '.escalation.to')
+ESC_TRIED=$(echo "$ESC_JSON" | jq -r '.escalation.attempted | join(" -> ")')
+```
+
+- **`ESCALATED == "true"`** — log the switch, honor the provider's own backoff
+  (`sleep "$RETRY_AFTER"` when `RETRY_AFTER` is set), then re-dispatch the failed plan with
+  `executor_model` overridden to `$ESC_TO` and `QUOTA_ATTEMPT` incremented. Do not prompt —
+  this is the configured, opt-in path.
+
+  ```text
+  ⚡ Provider quota hit — escalating model: {ESC_FROM} → {ESC_TO}
+    Runtime sentinel: {SENTINEL}
+    {RETRY_HINT}
+  ```
+
+- **`EXHAUSTED == "true"`** — the ladder is spent. Fail loudly naming every model tried,
+  then fall through to the manual options below. Never silently retry the last one.
+
+  ```text
+  ⛔ Provider escalation exhausted — tried: {ESC_TRIED}
+  ```
+
+- **`ESCALATED == "false"` and not exhausted** — escalation is not configured for this
+  project; use the manual path below. This is the default.
+
+**7.1b — manual recovery (default when escalation is not configured).**
+
+```text
+⚠ Plan {plan_id} terminated by provider quota / rate limit
+  Runtime sentinel: {SENTINEL}
+  {RETRY_HINT}
+  Partial commits on worktree branch: {N}
+  SUMMARY.md present: {yes|no}
+  1. Wait for quota reset, then resume (recommended)
+2. Switch to a different runtime / model and resume
+3. Abort phase and report partial state
+```
+
+Re-run `/gsd:execute-phase` after the quota resets for Option 1.
diff --git a/gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md b/gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md
index 4ab92545b..7e6d69714 100644
--- a/gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md
+++ b/gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md
@@ -1024,24 +1024,14 @@ increases monotonically across waves. `{status}` is `complete` (success),
    if [ -n "$RETRY_AFTER" ]; then RETRY_HINT="  Provider hinted retry-after: ${RETRY_AFTER}s"; else RETRY_HINT=""; fi
    ```
    One classifier branch handles sentinels across Claude/Copilot/Codex/Gemini. Reference: `docs/research/provider-rate-limit-signals.md`.
-   **Step 7.1 — `class == "quota-exceeded"`:**
-   Do not offer "retry now". Run step-5 spot-check first; if SUMMARY.md is missing but commits exist, route to safe-resume (`state.verify-against-disk`) instead of immediate redispatch.
-   ```text
-   ⚠ Plan {plan_id} terminated by provider quota / rate limit
-     Runtime sentinel: {SENTINEL}
-     {RETRY_HINT}
-     Partial commits on worktree branch: {N}
-     SUMMARY.md present: {yes|no}
-     1. Wait for quota reset, then resume (recommended)
-   2. Switch to a different runtime / model and resume
-   3. Abort phase and report partial state
-   ```
-   Re-run `/gsd:execute-phase` after quota reset for Option 1.
+   **Step 7.1 — `class == "quota-exceeded"`:** follow the quota-recovery fragment below.
    **Step 7.2 — `class == "classify-handoff-bug"`:**
    If error contains `classifyHandoffIfNeeded is not defined`, treat as Claude runtime bug. Run the same step-5 spot-checks; PASS => treat as success, FAIL => fall through.
    **Step 7.3 — `class == "unknown-failure"`:**
    Report failed plan and ask Continue/Stop; continuing may cascade into dependent plan failures.
 
+@~/.claude/gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md
+
 @~/.claude/gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md
 
 8. **Execute checkpoint plans between waves** — see `<checkpoint_handling>`.
diff --git a/src/agent-command-router.cts b/src/agent-command-router.cts
index 71b89a7dc..c4d6197c3 100644
--- a/src/agent-command-router.cts
+++ b/src/agent-command-router.cts
@@ -36,6 +36,21 @@ interface RouteAgentCommandOptions {
 
 // ─── Constants ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+/**
+ * #2296 — The runtime enum of failure classes `classifyAgentFailure` can emit.
+ *
+ * `AgentFailureResult`'s class strings are TypeScript types, which erase at
+ * runtime. Any second surface that needs to validate a class (the
+ * `resolve-execution --failure-class` flag) would otherwise have to re-declare
+ * the literals, giving two lists that can silently diverge. This frozen enum is
+ * the single runtime source both surfaces consume.
+ */
+const AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES = Object.freeze({
+  QUOTA_EXCEEDED: 'quota-exceeded',
+  CLASSIFY_HANDOFF_BUG: 'classify-handoff-bug',
+  UNKNOWN_FAILURE: 'unknown-failure',
+} as const);
+
 const QUOTA_SENTINELS: string[] = [
   '429',
   'usage_limit_reached',
@@ -65,26 +80,26 @@ function classifyAgentFailure(body: unknown): AgentFailureResult {
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string
   const normalized = String(body ?? '').toLowerCase();
   if (normalized.trim() === '') {
-    return { class: 'unknown-failure' };
+    return { class: AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES.UNKNOWN_FAILURE };
   }
 
   for (const sentinel of QUOTA_SENTINELS) {
     if (normalized.includes(sentinel)) {
       const retryAfterSeconds = parseRetryAfter(body);
       return retryAfterSeconds === undefined
-        ? { class: 'quota-exceeded', sentinel }
-        : { class: 'quota-exceeded', sentinel, retryAfterSeconds };
+        ? { class: AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES.QUOTA_EXCEEDED, sentinel }
+        : { class: AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES.QUOTA_EXCEEDED, sentinel, retryAfterSeconds };
     }
   }
 
   if (normalized.includes(CLASSIFY_HANDOFF_SENTINEL)) {
     return {
-      class: 'classify-handoff-bug',
+      class: AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES.CLASSIFY_HANDOFF_BUG,
       sentinel: CLASSIFY_HANDOFF_SENTINEL,
     };
   }
 
-  return { class: 'unknown-failure' };
+  return { class: AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES.UNKNOWN_FAILURE };
 }
 
 function routeAgentCommand({ args, raw }: RouteAgentCommandOptions): void {
@@ -98,6 +113,7 @@ function routeAgentCommand({ args, raw }: RouteAgentCommandOptions): void {
 }
 
 export = {
+  AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES,
   classifyAgentFailure,
   routeAgentCommand,
 };
diff --git a/src/commands.cts b/src/commands.cts
index 006d405f0..4b5f48e50 100644
--- a/src/commands.cts
+++ b/src/commands.cts
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ import roadmapParserMod = require('./roadmap-parser.cjs');
 const { extractCurrentMilestone, stripShippedMilestones: _stripShippedMilestones, getMilestoneInfo, getMilestonePhaseFilter, getRoadmapPhaseInternal } = roadmapParserMod;
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports
 import modelResolverMod = require('./model-resolver.cjs');
-const { resolveModelInternal, resolveModelForTier, resolveEffortInternal, resolveFastModeInternal, resolveEffortForTier, resolveGranularityInternal, assertValidGranularityOverride } = modelResolverMod;
+const { resolveModelInternal, resolveModelForTier, resolveProviderEscalation, resolveEffortInternal, resolveFastModeInternal, resolveEffortForTier, resolveGranularityInternal, assertValidGranularityOverride } = modelResolverMod;
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports
+import agentCommandRouterMod = require('./agent-command-router.cjs');
+const { AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES } = agentCommandRouterMod;
 import { renderEffortForRuntime, RUNTIMES_WITH_FAST_MODE } from './model-catalog.cjs';
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports
 import planningWorkspace = require('./planning-workspace.cjs');
@@ -482,9 +485,10 @@ function cmdResolveGranularity(cwd: string, phaseType: string | undefined, raw:
  *   { model, profile, effort, effort_rendered, effort_param, effort_propagation,
  *     fast_mode, fast_mode_supported, [unknown_agent] }
  *
- * Flags: --effort <level>, --fast-mode <true|false>, --attempt <n>
+ * Flags: --effort <level>, --fast-mode <true|false>, --attempt <n>,
+ *        --failure-class <class> (#2296)
  */
-function cmdResolveExecution(cwd: string, agentType: string | undefined, raw: boolean, opts?: { effortOverride?: string; fastModeOverride?: boolean; attempt?: number }): void {
+function cmdResolveExecution(cwd: string, agentType: string | undefined, raw: boolean, opts?: { effortOverride?: string; fastModeOverride?: boolean; attempt?: number; failureClass?: string }): void {
   if (!agentType) {
     error('agent-type required');
   }
@@ -499,10 +503,23 @@ function cmdResolveExecution(cwd: string, agentType: string | undefined, raw: bo
   // including dynamic_routing-enabled users who don't pass --attempt), and only an
   // explicit attempt routes through the tier ladder. resolveModelForTier itself
   // still falls back to resolveModelInternal when dynamic_routing is off.
-  const model = (opts.attempt !== undefined && opts.attempt !== null)
+  let model = (opts.attempt !== undefined && opts.attempt !== null)
     ? resolveModelForTier(cwd, agentType!, opts.attempt)
     : resolveModelInternal(cwd, agentType!);
 
+  // #2296: when the caller reports WHY the previous attempt failed, consult the
+  // provider-escalation ladder. Only a quota/rate-limit class warrants it — a
+  // heavier tier on the same throttled provider is still throttled, so this
+  // ladder swaps providers instead. Gated on an explicit --failure-class so the
+  // JSON contract is byte-identical for every existing caller.
+  let escalation: Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+  if (opts.failureClass !== undefined) {
+    const applicable = opts.failureClass === AGENT_FAILURE_CLASSES.QUOTA_EXCEEDED;
+    const resolved = resolveProviderEscalation(cwd, agentType!, opts.attempt, applicable);
+    if (resolved.escalated) model = resolved.to;
+    escalation = { class: opts.failureClass, ...resolved };
+  }
+
   const effortOpts: Record<string, unknown> = {};
   if (typeof opts.effortOverride === 'string') effortOpts['override'] = opts.effortOverride;
 
@@ -532,6 +549,7 @@ function cmdResolveExecution(cwd: string, agentType: string | undefined, raw: bo
     fast_mode_supported: fastModeSupported,
   };
   if (!agentModels) result['unknown_agent'] = true;
+  if (escalation) result['escalation'] = escalation;
   output(result, raw, effort);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/model-resolver.cts b/src/model-resolver.cts
index e252ea52c..c47e5f526 100644
--- a/src/model-resolver.cts
+++ b/src/model-resolver.cts
@@ -505,6 +505,101 @@ function resolveModelForTier(cwd: string, agentType: string, attempt?: number):
   return alias;
 }
 
+/**
+ * #2296 — Outcome of consulting the provider-escalation ladder for one attempt.
+ *
+ * `from`/`to` describe the PROVIDER ladder only; they are equal whenever the
+ * ladder was not consulted or had nothing to offer.
+ */
+interface ProviderEscalationResult {
+  from: string;
+  to: string;
+  escalated: boolean;
+  exhausted: boolean;
+  attempted: string[];
+  index: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Keep only usable model ids: non-empty strings. A malformed config can put
+ * anything in here (nulls, numbers, blank strings), and a blank model id would
+ * resolve to an unusable agent invocation rather than failing visibly. Invalid
+ * entries are dropped and the surviving order is preserved, so the ladder stays
+ * predictable (ADR 227 — validate shape, not just type).
+ */
+function sanitizeProviderEscalation(raw: unknown): string[] {
+  if (!Array.isArray(raw)) return [];
+  return raw.filter((entry): entry is string => typeof entry === 'string' && entry.trim().length > 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * #2296 — Resolve the model for one attempt of the PROVIDER escalation ladder.
+ *
+ * The tier ladder (`resolveModelForTier`) escalates within one provider's
+ * `tier_models`, which does not help when that provider is the thing that is
+ * throttled. This walks `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` instead: an
+ * ordered list of alternative model ids, capped by
+ * `min(max_escalations, list length)`.
+ *
+ * `applicable` is the caller's policy decision (only a quota-exceeded
+ * classification should consult this ladder). It is a parameter rather than a
+ * class check here so this module keeps depending only on leaf modules, per
+ * CONTEXT.md's Model Resolution module contract.
+ *
+ * Attempt 0 — and every non-applicable call — stays on the source model.
+ * `exhausted` reports that the ladder is spent so the caller can fail loudly
+ * naming every model it tried.
+ */
+function resolveProviderEscalation(
+  cwd: string,
+  agentType: string,
+  attempt: number | undefined,
+  applicable: boolean,
+): ProviderEscalationResult {
+  // The model that would be used with no provider escalation at all.
+  const from = resolveModelForTier(cwd, agentType, 0);
+  const stay = (exhausted = false): ProviderEscalationResult => ({
+    from,
+    to: from,
+    escalated: false,
+    exhausted,
+    attempted: [from],
+    index: 0,
+  });
+
+  if (!applicable) return stay();
+
+  const config = loadConfig(cwd);
+  const dr = config['dynamic_routing'] as Record<string, unknown> | null | undefined;
+  if (!dr || typeof dr !== 'object' || dr['enabled'] !== true) return stay();
+  if (dr['escalate_on_failure'] === false) return stay();
+
+  const list = sanitizeProviderEscalation(dr['provider_escalation']);
+  if (list.length === 0) return stay();
+
+  // Same default and same validity rule as the tier ladder above — a negative or
+  // non-integer max_escalations is invalid config, not a request for zero.
+  const maxEscalations = Number.isInteger(dr['max_escalations']) && (dr['max_escalations'] as number) >= 0
+    ? (dr['max_escalations'] as number)
+    : 1;
+  const cap = Math.min(maxEscalations, list.length);
+  // An explicit cap of 0 means the ladder exists but is spent before it starts.
+  if (cap === 0) return stay(true);
+
+  const attemptN = Number.isInteger(attempt) && (attempt as number) > 0 ? (attempt as number) : 0;
+  if (attemptN === 0) return stay();
+
+  const index = Math.min(attemptN, cap);
+  return {
+    from,
+    to: list[index - 1],
+    escalated: true,
+    exhausted: attemptN > cap,
+    attempted: [from, ...list.slice(0, index)],
+    index,
+  };
+}
+
 // ─── #443 — Unified effort + fast_mode resolvers ─────────────────────────────
 
 const VALID_EFFORTS = ['minimal', 'low', 'medium', 'high', 'xhigh', 'max'];
@@ -691,6 +786,7 @@ export = {
   resolveGranularityInternal,
   assertValidGranularityOverride,
   resolveModelForTier,
+  resolveProviderEscalation,
   VALID_EFFORTS,
   EFFORT_SET,
   nextEffort,
diff --git a/tests/feat-2296-provider-escalation.test.cjs b/tests/feat-2296-provider-escalation.test.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b2a1c77e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/feat-2296-provider-escalation.test.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+/**
+ * GSD Tools Tests — config-gated provider escalation on quota-exceeded (#2296)
+ *
+ * #2068 wired `resolveModelForTier` into `cmdResolveExecution`, so `--attempt`
+ * already escalates the model up the TIER ladder (light -> standard -> heavy)
+ * within one provider's `tier_models`. That does not help when the failure is a
+ * provider quota/rate-limit: a heavier tier on the same throttled account is
+ * still throttled.
+ *
+ * #2296 layers a PROVIDER escalation ladder onto the existing reactive
+ * classification seam (`EXEC.CLASSIFY` / `agent classify-failure`, #3095):
+ * when `resolve-execution` is told the failure class was `quota-exceeded` and
+ * `dynamic_routing.provider_escalation` is configured, the model resolves from
+ * that ordered list instead of the tier ladder, capped by `max_escalations`,
+ * reporting `from -> to` so the switch is visible, and reporting `exhausted`
+ * once the list is spent so the caller can fail loudly.
+ *
+ * Baselines confirmed by running the built CLI against a temp project before
+ * writing these assertions (gsd-executor default routing tier is "standard"):
+ *   attempt 0, no --failure-class -> sonnet
+ *   attempt 1, no --failure-class -> opus   (tier ladder, unchanged by #2296)
+ *   --failure-class <anything>            -> "Unknown flag" before this change
+ *   config-set dynamic_routing.provider_escalation -> "Unknown config key"
+ */
+
+const { test, describe, beforeEach, afterEach } = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const fc = require('fast-check');
+const { runGsdTools, createTempProject, cleanup } = require('./helpers.cjs');
+
+const TIER_MODELS = { light: 'haiku', standard: 'sonnet', heavy: 'opus' };
+
+function writeConfig(tmpDir, config) {
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(tmpDir, '.planning', 'config.json'), JSON.stringify(config));
+}
+
+function routingConfig(extra) {
+  return { dynamic_routing: { enabled: true, tier_models: TIER_MODELS, ...extra } };
+}
+
+/** Run resolve-execution and parse the JSON contract. Asserts success. */
+function resolve(tmpDir, args) {
+  const result = runGsdTools(`resolve-execution ${args}`, tmpDir);
+  assert.ok(result.success, `resolve-execution ${args} failed: ${result.error}`);
+  return JSON.parse(result.output);
+}
+
+/** Run resolve-execution expecting a non-zero exit. Returns the raw result. */
+function resolveExpectFailure(tmpDir, args) {
+  const result = runGsdTools(`resolve-execution ${args}`, tmpDir);
+  assert.ok(!result.success, `resolve-execution ${args} unexpectedly succeeded`);
+  return result;
+}
+
+describe('resolve-execution: provider escalation on quota-exceeded (#2296)', () => {
+  let tmpDir;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    tmpDir = createTempProject();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    cleanup(tmpDir);
+  });
+
+  // ─── Back-compat: the default contract must not move ───────────────────────
+  //
+  // Hyrum's Law guard. Every existing consumer of `resolve-execution` reads this
+  // JSON. Adding provider escalation must be invisible unless --failure-class is
+  // explicitly passed, exactly as #2068 gated the model on an explicit --attempt.
+  describe('back-compat — no --failure-class means no behavior change', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['gpt-5', 'llama-3.3'] }));
+    });
+
+    test('omitting --failure-class emits no `escalation` key at all', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1');
+      assert.ok(
+        !Object.hasOwn(parsed, 'escalation'),
+        'the escalation block must be absent unless --failure-class is passed',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('omitting --failure-class keeps the TIER ladder (attempt 1 -> opus), ignoring provider_escalation', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'opus');
+    });
+
+    test('a configured provider_escalation does not leak into the no-attempt classic path', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'sonnet');
+      assert.ok(!Object.hasOwn(parsed, 'escalation'));
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── Core behavior: quota-exceeded walks the provider list ─────────────────
+  //
+  // provider_escalation has 2 entries and max_escalations is 2, so cap == 2 and
+  // the limit-1 / limit / limit+1 boundaries are all observable.
+  describe('quota-exceeded — walks provider_escalation (cap == 2)', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({
+        provider_escalation: ['gpt-5', 'llama-3.3'],
+        max_escalations: 2,
+      }));
+    });
+
+    test('attempt 0 stays on the source model and does not escalate', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 0 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'sonnet');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, false);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 0);
+    });
+
+    // Boundary: cap - 1
+    test('attempt 1 (cap-1) escalates to the FIRST provider and reports from -> to', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'gpt-5');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, true);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, false);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.from, 'sonnet');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.to, 'gpt-5');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 1);
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(parsed.escalation.attempted, ['sonnet', 'gpt-5']);
+    });
+
+    // Boundary: exactly cap
+    test('attempt 2 (== cap) escalates to the SECOND provider, still not exhausted', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 2 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'llama-3.3');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, true);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, false);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 2);
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(parsed.escalation.attempted, ['sonnet', 'gpt-5', 'llama-3.3']);
+    });
+
+    // Boundary: cap + 1 — the ladder is spent; the caller must be able to fail loudly.
+    test('attempt 3 (cap+1) reports exhausted:true and names every model attempted', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 3 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, true);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 2, 'index must pin at the cap, not run past it');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'llama-3.3', 'model pins at the last provider once exhausted');
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(
+        parsed.escalation.attempted,
+        ['sonnet', 'gpt-5', 'llama-3.3'],
+        'attempted must name every model tried so the caller can report them',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('the echoed class is the class that was passed in', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.class, 'quota-exceeded');
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── The cap is min(max_escalations, list length) ──────────────────────────
+  describe('cap is the smaller of max_escalations and the list length', () => {
+    test('a list SHORTER than max_escalations exhausts at the list length', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['only-one'], max_escalations: 5 }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 2 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'only-one');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, true);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('max_escalations SMALLER than the list caps before the list ends', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({
+        provider_escalation: ['first', 'second', 'third'],
+        max_escalations: 1,
+      }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 2 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'first', 'must not reach "second" past the cap');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, true);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('max_escalations: 0 disables escalation entirely', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['gpt-5'], max_escalations: 0 }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'sonnet');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, true, 'a zero cap is immediately spent');
+    });
+
+    test('escalate_on_failure:false is a kill switch for provider escalation too', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({
+        provider_escalation: ['gpt-5'],
+        escalate_on_failure: false,
+      }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'sonnet');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── Opt-in gating: nothing happens unless configured ──────────────────────
+  describe('opt-in gating', () => {
+    test('quota-exceeded with NO provider_escalation configured falls back to the tier ladder', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({}));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'opus', 'unconfigured means the existing tier ladder still applies');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+    });
+
+    test('dynamic_routing disabled ignores provider_escalation', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, {
+        dynamic_routing: { enabled: false, tier_models: TIER_MODELS, provider_escalation: ['gpt-5'] },
+      });
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'sonnet');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+    });
+
+    test('a NON-quota failure class never touches the provider list', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['gpt-5'] }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class unknown-failure');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'opus', 'non-quota failures keep the tier ladder');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.class, 'unknown-failure');
+    });
+
+    test('classify-handoff-bug does not trigger provider escalation', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['gpt-5'] }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class classify-handoff-bug');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── Hostile / malformed config (QA matrix: malformed, hostile, wrong type) ─
+  describe('malformed provider_escalation is rejected without crashing', () => {
+    const cases = [
+      ['a scalar where an array is expected', 'gpt-5'],
+      ['an object where an array is expected', { 0: 'gpt-5' }],
+      ['an empty array', []],
+      ['null', null],
+      ['an array of only invalid entries', [null, 42, '', '   ', {}]],
+    ];
+
+    for (const [label, value] of cases) {
+      test(`${label} falls back to the tier ladder and never throws`, () => {
+        writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: value }));
+        const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+        assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'opus');
+        assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+      });
+    }
+
+    test('invalid entries are dropped and the surviving entries keep their order', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({
+        provider_escalation: [null, 'good-one', '', 42, '  ', 'good-two'],
+        max_escalations: 5,
+      }));
+      const first = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(first.model, 'good-one');
+      const second = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 2 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(second.model, 'good-two');
+      assert.strictEqual(second.escalation.exhausted, false);
+    });
+
+    test('a prototype-polluting key in the list is not treated as an entry', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['__proto__', 'constructor'] }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      // These are ordinary strings, not lookups — they must be passed through as
+      // opaque model ids and must not mutate any prototype.
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, '__proto__');
+      assert.strictEqual({}.polluted, undefined);
+    });
+
+    // A negative max_escalations is invalid config, not a request for zero. The
+    // tier ladder in resolveModelForTier already falls back to the documented
+    // default of 1 for any non-integer/negative value; the provider ladder must
+    // apply the SAME rule for the SAME key, or one config value would mean two
+    // different things inside one dynamic_routing block.
+    test('a negative max_escalations falls back to the default cap of 1, never inverts', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({
+        provider_escalation: ['gpt-5', 'llama-3.3'],
+        max_escalations: -3,
+      }));
+      const first = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(first.model, 'gpt-5');
+      assert.strictEqual(first.escalation.index, 1);
+
+      const past = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 2 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(past.escalation.index, 1, 'cap stays 1, never negative and never wider');
+      assert.strictEqual(past.escalation.exhausted, true);
+    });
+
+    test('a non-integer max_escalations also falls back to the default cap of 1', () => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({
+        provider_escalation: ['gpt-5', 'llama-3.3'],
+        max_escalations: 2.7,
+      }));
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 2 --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.index, 1);
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.exhausted, true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── CLI contract: --failure-class negative matrix ─────────────────────────
+  describe('--failure-class CLI negative matrix', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      writeConfig(tmpDir, routingConfig({ provider_escalation: ['gpt-5'] }));
+    });
+
+    test('an unknown class value is a usage error, not a silent no-op', () => {
+      const result = resolveExpectFailure(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class bogus-class');
+      assert.ok(!/\bat .*:\d+:\d+/.test(result.error || ''), 'must not leak a stack trace');
+    });
+
+    test('an empty --failure-class value is a usage error', () => {
+      resolveExpectFailure(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class=');
+    });
+
+    test('a missing value for --failure-class is a usage error', () => {
+      resolveExpectFailure(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --failure-class');
+    });
+
+    test('a flag-shaped value for --failure-class is a usage error', () => {
+      resolveExpectFailure(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --failure-class --attempt');
+    });
+
+    test('the --failure-class=value form is accepted', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class=quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'gpt-5');
+    });
+
+    test('shell metacharacters in the class value are rejected, never interpolated', () => {
+      const result = resolveExpectFailure(
+        tmpDir,
+        'gsd-executor --attempt 1 --failure-class "quota-exceeded; touch pwned"',
+      );
+      assert.ok(!fs.existsSync(path.join(tmpDir, 'pwned')), 'no shell interpolation may occur');
+      assert.ok(!/\bat .*:\d+:\d+/.test(result.error || ''), 'must not leak a stack trace');
+    });
+
+    test('--failure-class without --attempt does not escalate', () => {
+      const parsed = resolve(tmpDir, 'gsd-executor --failure-class quota-exceeded');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.model, 'sonnet', 'no attempt counter means no escalation step');
+      assert.strictEqual(parsed.escalation.escalated, false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── Config-key registration (behavioral, per CONTRIBUTING.md) ─────────────
+  describe('dynamic_routing.provider_escalation is a registered config key', () => {
+    // argv-array form: the string form of runGsdTools strips inner quotes,
+    // which would mangle the JSON value into `[gpt-5,llama-3.3]`.
+    test('config-set accepts the key and persists the value', () => {
+      const result = runGsdTools(
+        ['config-set', 'dynamic_routing.provider_escalation', '["gpt-5","llama-3.3"]'],
+        tmpDir,
+      );
+      assert.ok(result.success, `config-set should accept the key: ${result.error}`);
+      const config = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(tmpDir, '.planning', 'config.json'), 'utf-8'));
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(config.dynamic_routing?.provider_escalation, ['gpt-5', 'llama-3.3']);
+    });
+
+    test('a sibling typo under dynamic_routing is still rejected', () => {
+      const result = runGsdTools(
+        ['config-set', 'dynamic_routing.provider_escalations', '["x"]'],
+        tmpDir,
+      );
+      assert.ok(!result.success, 'the regex must not have been widened into a catch-all');
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ─── Property: the resolved model is always drawn from the declared ladder ──
+  //
+  // This is the budget-limit invariant. Whatever the attempt counter and list,
+  // the resolver may only ever return the source model or an entry from the
+  // configured list, and may never walk past the cap. Deterministic seed, bounded
+  // runs, replay data printed on failure.
+  describe('property — the resolver never invents a model or walks past the cap', () => {
+    test('resolved model is always source-or-listed, and index <= cap', () => {
+      fc.assert(
+        fc.property(
+          fc.array(fc.string({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 12 }).filter((s) => s.trim().length > 0), {
+            minLength: 1,
+            maxLength: 4,
+          }),
+          fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 6 }),
+          fc.integer({ min: 0, max: 6 }),
+          (list, maxEscalations, attempt) => {
+            const dir = createTempProject();
+            try {
+              writeConfig(dir, routingConfig({
+                provider_escalation: list,
+                max_escalations: maxEscalations,
+              }));
+              const parsed = resolve(dir, `gsd-executor --attempt ${attempt} --failure-class quota-exceeded`);
+              const cap = Math.min(maxEscalations, list.length);
+              const allowed = new Set(['sonnet', ...list.slice(0, cap)]);
+              assert.ok(
+                allowed.has(parsed.model),
+                `resolved "${parsed.model}" outside the declared ladder ${JSON.stringify([...allowed])}`,
+              );
+              assert.ok(
+                parsed.escalation.index <= cap,
+                `index ${parsed.escalation.index} walked past cap ${cap}`,
+              );
+            } finally {
+              cleanup(dir);
+            }
+          },
+        ),
+        { numRuns: 25, seed: 2296, verbose: true },
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/antigravity.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/antigravity.json
index ef5946a57..f463693b0 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/antigravity.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/antigravity.json
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "ea841e2865248e74",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "8c5bf9788c3967be",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "df767e8f2f10fd3b",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "8bc541aabc2e143c",
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "826cf9315e592a1d",
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "16acb903dbe2bcbe",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "fc932e82ba1f585a",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "9e8b169c05098b57",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "e96e1fa1b78b8a21",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "37ac5461a298c883",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "55d0706e80a2554a",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "13aa54f8279960ae",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/augment.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/augment.json
index 943f1349f..12b39860e 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/augment.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/augment.json
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "982006c1f3364242",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "c4ca0ee3875b6e02",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "b5cdf1c35043cf7b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "966a3eadd1bebc04",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "32d3d7e80ab2bfc7",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "1325f146afc9404a",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "470e39f0acc3c121",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "4e265392b3f2ba0e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude-local.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude-local.json
index f33b6b287..c193e136d 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude-local.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude-local.json
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "99908189254c0131",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "dbbb6191f5a8b65e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "11620e0dc4a003dd",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "4e272ba9df401dc5",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "eb81251ee1b55fb0",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "6d38bfd540030da4",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "a7f9b9a45303382f",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude.json
index 3cac955ca..7ee2ce23a 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/claude.json
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "e94d48c979be0211",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "8323bfe10faa0c0a",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "7c2f5ff8cc4d06e5",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "95ab6bf45302a773",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "6d122c77d70c2e4e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "facb0e816d87a0c7",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cline.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cline.json
index 90d6918fd..60928cf1e 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cline.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cline.json
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "476aa24e8c4f03cf",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "36d17f5566bdec9e",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "f737db8e3aa1ce61",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "e9582246dbc617e0",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "982006c1f3364242",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "c4ca0ee3875b6e02",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "742bb890af014c87",
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "4bcb3d9630d6bb10",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "9c9fadc047c61d74",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "17fc9b4c4f7e1c74",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "1c703e5f1855b1e2",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "84798552f7f61eb9",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "67ebc93f51968cb6",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "35612890c1173577",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codebuddy.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codebuddy.json
index 6167e8acc..0827b5852 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codebuddy.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codebuddy.json
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "982006c1f3364242",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "c4ca0ee3875b6e02",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "b5cdf1c35043cf7b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "966a3eadd1bebc04",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "32d3d7e80ab2bfc7",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "b090500cb2b6fe9f",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "a0bdd2da561df3d5",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "4e265392b3f2ba0e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codex.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codex.json
index 2371e78c2..1f1b1c656 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codex.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/codex.json
@@ -145,10 +145,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a483199612e216f1",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "885cbb5843f4f066",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "95e55087876a0d96",
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "70ad463cdad599c9",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "e592a4d85ce5380f",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "c89a63285ead961e",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "994554be349d76bd",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "05df9b5d596213a7",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "f4cacd27d37bac65",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/copilot.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/copilot.json
index bc4eee629..fc0eda5c8 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/copilot.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/copilot.json
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "ea841e2865248e74",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "8c5bf9788c3967be",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "df767e8f2f10fd3b",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "10226e9512dd44bf",
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "1eb1e1e552ebd17b",
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "fddba4a71268a33f",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "8667c28b22b1599f",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "1ae2d3d3fbf72893",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "0afe5c2ba3b22f15",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "2b444eb7efcc17cd",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "63b712920f21a40f",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "25bebed74e645109",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cursor.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cursor.json
index da136ca51..17073cced 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cursor.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/cursor.json
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "2525f1ae8b086828",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "40e8e83311b87500",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "1c1255108c81fde6",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "44e31bdae72ed5d5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "b0e27ed2d8405974",
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "817776e1a5f87b39",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "8323bfe10faa0c0a",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "9389c58f7384972d",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "6dbd3d9281ba270d",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "fadfa28157f409ef",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "facb0e816d87a0c7",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/hermes.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/hermes.json
index 7821946d2..6414dd920 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/hermes.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/hermes.json
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "3a3409215044af9f",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "c7e11161f0296129",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "38cc609e9d4cbc3c",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "4d6ea8e85e88b1fe",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "b13d8860a76b7a41",
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "de614d940b6f64ff",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "7f27003f20e88fb8",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "e7cd5dfcf18e2458",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "1b9e1284cf788e43",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "b0398bcbf9893a1f",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "14a27cc0828f59d3",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "26ee34c543926402",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "362123fdf99e9980",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kilo.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kilo.json
index f39925c70..9fe52959f 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kilo.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kilo.json
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "6bca7d8fda0d1d54",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "8323bfe10faa0c0a",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "35be91cd22a9bc11",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "49e2f1740bf7c6b1",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "6e759310d721e841",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "facb0e816d87a0c7",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kimi.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kimi.json
index 9dc1c859b..58fcd9b05 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kimi.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/kimi.json
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "982006c1f3364242",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "c4ca0ee3875b6e02",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "b5cdf1c35043cf7b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "966a3eadd1bebc04",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "32d3d7e80ab2bfc7",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "e9c9c9691bbc24e2",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "8117e54ce638397b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "4e265392b3f2ba0e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/opencode.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/opencode.json
index 1c60c975e..07a89c6b1 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/opencode.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/opencode.json
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "4c7ea896438d9d45",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "1876c855fb0a0a39",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "1973f08d0eb34159",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "6148ab536d9210cc",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "eb0ab7bc861ecd92",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "1804215577f1ad35",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "c4cba01539f0368a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/pi.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/pi.json
index 4ac2d2402..bfed41f4c 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/pi.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/pi.json
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "982006c1f3364242",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "c4ca0ee3875b6e02",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "b5cdf1c35043cf7b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "966a3eadd1bebc04",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "32d3d7e80ab2bfc7",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "043ed0d7fb5452dc",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "ba18fc959cf66a35",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "4e265392b3f2ba0e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/qwen.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/qwen.json
index daf9e0fd5..6c8e63b3d 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/qwen.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/qwen.json
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "6e98d76e955e35a2",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "c67b43694423939a",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "982a6ff24abb8e59",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "8c2e5a596401dd33",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "41d8123374d3838b",
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "db6e70dddaf019ad",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "0fb5e0123cfc6f36",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "88431952699d9fa6",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "782d4ca8c8439afd",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "44e3fcc6a74c33b5",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "36af8d91e4ae8b9c",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "0b04cc2dcab61107",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/trae.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/trae.json
index 6ec94a7f2..0934ac518 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/trae.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/trae.json
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "de4627dff103d527",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "44e114ddf0f32e08",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "cafd8c05ee085279",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "7a1aa0ad7963f809",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "973a3a6a5db7e449",
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "141185e54648df02",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "7facd0faa33c8cad",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "90a29a4fa0cdd947",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "67c7f93f3cef43f1",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "e62fe4c3357b083c",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "c985a30317a1aa6b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7d30384e9bf82664",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/windsurf.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/windsurf.json
index c5754f353..0d143570d 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/windsurf.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/windsurf.json
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "5636ca0b726871b2",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "3224906065bfb20c",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "abce82dc226344f2",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "1587345770b19c7f",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "a5a1058d35806a8e",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "713cf7681f57e7ce",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "96485eccd4606e54",
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "a7b78ce2f5404160",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "c0ae7d0063f3e789",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "713de00ea5326988",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "a0b5283f992532a2",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "a52dc6640b7ede7b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "47ae5482f8e64100",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "fb4497767cdf73a3",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/zcode.json b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/zcode.json
index f14ef2a8c..dd529949f 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/zcode.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/golden-install-parity/zcode.json
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@
   "gsd-core/VERSION": "ef0deccd81a6723c",
   "gsd-core/bin/check-latest-version.cjs": "e4a224058c8f4d74",
   "gsd-core/bin/ensure-runtime-build.cjs": "51bc64467ab30f62",
-  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d119a8ff93c9c0a3",
+  "gsd-core/bin/gsd-tools.cjs": "d44831d1e2f9c1c1",
   "gsd-core/bin/gsd_run": "62d9b647ede212e6",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-defaults.manifest.json": "517e6a7c1e9f4f16",
-  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "0109a5a9866a24e0",
+  "gsd-core/bin/shared/config-schema.manifest.json": "2f60b9eaa6cf6bc1",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/model-catalog.json": "b55176ca044728d3",
   "gsd-core/bin/shared/runtime-aliases.manifest.json": "2df2c5ac1957911a",
   "gsd-core/bin/verify-reapply-patches.cjs": "caec5dbce11e3904",
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md": "a98a270a7ab126bc",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md": "3ad96ca0f7fee37e",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md": "982006c1f3364242",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md": "c4ca0ee3875b6e02",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md": "48ade76866c57ce2",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md": "c240dc476dd15df5",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md": "de9ac22cead4cfd8",
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@
   "gsd-core/workflows/docs-update.md": "b5cdf1c35043cf7b",
   "gsd-core/workflows/edit-phase.md": "966a3eadd1bebc04",
   "gsd-core/workflows/eval-review.md": "32d3d7e80ab2bfc7",
-  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "3054948793be8131",
+  "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase.md": "8ce56aef5c42f73a",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/codebase-drift-gate.md": "4e265392b3f2ba0e",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/per-plan-worktree-gate.md": "7ebb7d1af6082028",
   "gsd-core/workflows/execute-phase/steps/post-merge-gate.md": "7b2d9a4a4013fd6a",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/antigravity.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/antigravity.json
index 8d348ba88..c0f62dcc6 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/antigravity.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/antigravity.json
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/augment.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/augment.json
index 70c7816a7..18cfdf1cc 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/augment.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/augment.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude-local.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude-local.json
index 8e8863071..b3f02d070 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude-local.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude-local.json
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude.json
index 0908d0b40..805730b4d 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/claude.json
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cline.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cline.json
index 9deced98e..e277a598a 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cline.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cline.json
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codebuddy.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codebuddy.json
index e4edd73fb..ca90afbf8 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codebuddy.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codebuddy.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codex.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codex.json
index 7d83520ca..d0dfafc0f 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codex.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/codex.json
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/copilot.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/copilot.json
index ffaeacd68..5afd405b0 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/copilot.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/copilot.json
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cursor.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cursor.json
index 6c043ee73..85c826896 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cursor.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/cursor.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/hermes.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/hermes.json
index 3efad48ef..1c8278566 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/hermes.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/hermes.json
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kilo.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kilo.json
index c3f5b25bc..db7924f7a 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kilo.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kilo.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kimi.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kimi.json
index b3b75587c..8bb37054c 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kimi.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/kimi.json
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/opencode.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/opencode.json
index d2579a897..bd837e2a4 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/opencode.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/opencode.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/pi.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/pi.json
index 88a08ac6f..05793d57c 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/pi.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/pi.json
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/qwen.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/qwen.json
index 3f3f4c39d..a5e781d2d 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/qwen.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/qwen.json
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/trae.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/trae.json
index bff4e3421..c5f8d8753 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/trae.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/trae.json
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/windsurf.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/windsurf.json
index 58c449def..77d953a18 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/windsurf.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/windsurf.json
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/zcode.json b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/zcode.json
index 60946a81b..7d28a680c 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/install-tree/zcode.json
+++ b/tests/fixtures/install-tree/zcode.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
   "gsd-core/references/execute-mvp-tdd.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-between-wave-reset.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-context-guard.md",
+  "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-quota-recovery.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-requirement-revert.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-response-language.md",
   "gsd-core/references/execute-phase-wave-guard.md",
diff --git a/tests/run-with-timeout.test.cjs b/tests/run-with-timeout.test.cjs
index 00994d609..0cc820493 100644
--- a/tests/run-with-timeout.test.cjs
+++ b/tests/run-with-timeout.test.cjs
@@ -163,18 +163,27 @@ describe('#2351 run-with-timeout — kill semantics (POSIX process groups)', ()
     // `kill(pid, 0)`: a SIGKILL'd orphan lingers as a zombie until reaped, and a
     // container's PID 1 reaps slowly, so `kill(pid,0)` reads a dead child as
     // "alive". A reaped child stops ticking; a genuine orphan keeps ticking.
+    //
+    // The child writes its FIRST heartbeat synchronously at startup, before
+    // arming the interval, and the kill window is 3s rather than 1s. Both are
+    // load-independence requirements, not cosmetics: with the first write
+    // deferred to the interval's initial 100ms tick inside a 1s window, a loaded
+    // CI container can group-kill before that tick ever lands, and the existence
+    // check below then fails for a reason that has nothing to do with reaping —
+    // the behavior under test is the FREEZE assertion further down, which is
+    // unaffected by writing one extra sample at t=0.
     const dir = createTempDir('rwt-c1');
     t.after(() => cleanup(dir));
     const parentFile = path.join(dir, 'parent.js');
     const hbFile = path.join(dir, 'heartbeat');
     fs.writeFileSync(parentFile, [
       'const cp = require("child_process");',
-      "const childCode = 'const fs=require(\"fs\");const hb=process.argv[1];process.on(\"SIGTERM\",()=>{});setInterval(()=>fs.writeFileSync(hb,String(Date.now())),100);';",
+      "const childCode = 'const fs=require(\"fs\");const hb=process.argv[1];const tick=()=>fs.writeFileSync(hb,String(Date.now()));process.on(\"SIGTERM\",()=>{});tick();setInterval(tick,100);';",
       'cp.spawn(process.execPath, ["-e", childCode, process.argv[2]], { stdio: "ignore" });',
       'process.on("SIGTERM", () => process.exit(0));',
       'setInterval(() => {}, 1000);',
     ].join('\n'));
-    const r = runVerb(['1', '--', NODE, parentFile, hbFile], { timeout: 20000 });
+    const r = runVerb(['3', '--', NODE, parentFile, hbFile], { timeout: 20000 });
     assert.equal(r.status, 124, 'must report a timeout (124), not hang');
     assert.ok(fs.existsSync(hbFile), 'child heartbeat should exist');
     await sleep(300); // let any in-flight write settle after the SIGKILL
diff --git a/tests/workflow-size-baseline.json b/tests/workflow-size-baseline.json
index 52dffc296..5381e3a57 100644
--- a/tests/workflow-size-baseline.json
+++ b/tests/workflow-size-baseline.json
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
   "docs-update.md": 55908,
   "edit-phase.md": 12927,
   "eval-review.md": 10332,
-  "execute-phase.md": 93292,
+  "execute-phase.md": 92782,
   "execute-plan.md": 34548,
   "explore.md": 10541,
   "extract-learnings.md": 12893,