diff --git a/sdk/src/query/query-cli-output.test.ts b/sdk/src/query/query-cli-output.test.ts
index 894c2ac28..eedbffeee 100644
--- a/sdk/src/query/query-cli-output.test.ts
+++ b/sdk/src/query/query-cli-output.test.ts
@@ -4,28 +4,28 @@ import { buildQueryCliOutputFromError } from './query-cli-output.js';
 
 describe('query-cli-output', () => {
   it('prefers raw gsd-tools stderr when present', () => {
-    const err = new GSDToolsError('failed', 'list', ['json'], 2, 'line one\nline two\n');
+    const err = GSDToolsError.failure('failed', 'list', ['json'], 2, 'line one\nline two\n');
     const out = buildQueryCliOutputFromError(err);
     expect(out.exitCode).toBe(2);
     expect(out.stderrLines).toEqual(['line one', 'line two']);
   });
 
   it('falls back to Error: message when gsd-tools stderr is empty', () => {
-    const err = new GSDToolsError('failed', 'list', ['json'], null, '');
+    const err = GSDToolsError.failure('failed', 'list', ['json'], null, '');
     const out = buildQueryCliOutputFromError(err);
     expect(out.exitCode).toBe(1);
     expect(out.stderrLines).toEqual(['Error: failed']);
   });
 
   it('falls back to Error: message when gsd-tools stderr is whitespace-only', () => {
-    const err = new GSDToolsError('failed', 'build', ['json'], null, '   \n');
+    const err = GSDToolsError.failure('failed', 'build', ['json'], null, '   \n');
     const out = buildQueryCliOutputFromError(err);
     expect(out.exitCode).toBe(1);
     expect(out.stderrLines).toEqual(['Error: failed']);
   });
 
   it('uses exitCode 1 when gsd-tools exitCode is null and stderr is non-empty', () => {
-    const err = new GSDToolsError('failed', 'build', ['json'], null, 'line');
+    const err = GSDToolsError.failure('failed', 'build', ['json'], null, 'line');
     const out = buildQueryCliOutputFromError(err);
     expect(out.exitCode).toBe(1);
     expect(out.stderrLines).toEqual(['line']);