sm-seo-plugin/classes/redirects.go

package classes

import (
	"net/url"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"

	"git.golem15.com/golem15/sm-seo-plugin/models"
	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/modules/diary"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

// log is the classes' logger (component=seo).
var log = diary.For("seo")

// The resolve actions of the redirect stage.
const (
	ActionRedirect = "redirect"
	ActionGone     = "gone"
)

// MaxRedirectHops caps how many redirects the resolver follows for one
// URL, and how far the save-time simulation looks (P-19, P-22).
const MaxRedirectHops = 10

// MaxRegexSource caps a regex source (T-32-17).
const MaxRegexSource = 512

// probeToken stands in for * when a pattern source is simulated.
const probeToken = "seoprobe"

// compiledRedirect is a pattern or regex rule with its expression.
type compiledRedirect struct {
	rule   models.Redirect
	re     *regexp.Regexp
	prefix int
}

// regexCache keeps the compiled expressions of pattern and regex sources,
// so each distinct source is compiled once (stdlib RE2: linear time on any
// input).
var regexCache sync.Map

// sourceExpr returns the expression of a pattern or regex source, nil
// when it does not compile.
func sourceExpr(r models.Redirect) *regexp.Regexp {
	key := r.Match + "\x00" + strconv.FormatBool(r.IgnoreCase) + "\x00" + strconv.FormatBool(r.TrailingSlash) + "\x00" + r.Source
	if re, ok := regexCache.Load(key); ok {
		return re.(*regexp.Regexp)
	}
	var expr string
	switch r.Match {
	case models.RedirectPattern:
		expr = WildcardExpr(r.Source, r.TrailingSlash)
	case models.RedirectRegex:
		expr = r.Source
	default:
		return nil
	}
	if r.IgnoreCase {
		expr = "(?i)" + expr
	}
	re, err := regexp.Compile(expr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	regexCache.Store(key, re)
	return re
}

// WildcardExpr turns a pattern source into an anchored expression: every *
// matches any text (a capture), everything else is literal. With
// trailingSlash a source that does not end in * or / also matches with a
// trailing slash, and one that ends in / also without it.
func WildcardExpr(source string, trailingSlash bool) string {
	src := source
	optional := false
	if trailingSlash && !strings.Contains(src, "?") && !strings.HasSuffix(src, "*") && src != "/" {
		src = strings.TrimSuffix(src, "/")
		optional = true
	}
	expr := "^" + strings.ReplaceAll(regexp.QuoteMeta(src), `\*`, `(.*)`)
	if optional {
		expr += "/?"
	}
	return expr + "$"
}

// literalPrefix is the length of a pattern source before its first *.
func literalPrefix(source string) int {
	if i := strings.Index(source, "*"); i >= 0 {
		return i
	}
	return len(source)
}

// trimSlash drops one trailing slash, except from the root.
func trimSlash(p string) string {
	if len(p) > 1 && strings.HasSuffix(p, "/") {
		return strings.TrimSuffix(p, "/")
	}
	return p
}

// toggleSlash adds a trailing slash, or drops it; the root stays.
func toggleSlash(p string) string {
	if p == "/" {
		return p
	}
	if strings.HasSuffix(p, "/") {
		return strings.TrimSuffix(p, "/")
	}
	return p + "/"
}

// exactKey is the lookup key of an exact source: lowercased, without a
// trailing slash on its path, with its query as written.
func exactKey(source string) string {
	p, q, hasQuery := strings.Cut(source, "?")
	key := strings.ToLower(trimSlash(p))
	if hasQuery {
		key += "?" + q
	}
	return key
}

// exactKeys are the lookup keys a request path and query may match.
func exactKeys(path, rawQuery string) []string {
	keys := []string{strings.ToLower(trimSlash(path))}
	if rawQuery != "" {
		keys = append(keys, keys[0]+"?"+rawQuery)
	}
	return keys
}

// exactMatches reports whether an exact rule matches the request: the
// source's path with the rule's case and trailing-slash options, and, when
// the source has a query, the request's query exactly (Q-9).
func exactMatches(r models.Redirect, path, rawQuery string) bool {
	srcPath, srcQuery, hasQuery := strings.Cut(r.Source, "?")
	if hasQuery && srcQuery != rawQuery {
		return false
	}
	eq := func(a, b string) bool {
		if r.IgnoreCase {
			return strings.EqualFold(a, b)
		}
		return a == b
	}
	if eq(srcPath, path) {
		return true
	}
	return r.TrailingSlash && eq(trimSlash(srcPath), trimSlash(path))
}

// RedirectSet is a set of redirect rules ready to match request paths:
// exact sources by key, then patterns by the length of their literal
// prefix (longest first, then id), then regex sources by id (D-17).
type RedirectSet struct {
	exact    map[string][]models.Redirect
	patterns []*compiledRedirect
	regexes  []*compiledRedirect
	// fetch loads the exact rules of more keys on demand (the resolver
	// reads only the rows a path can match); nil when every rule is in
	// memory.
	fetch   func(keys []string) ([]models.Redirect, error)
	fetched map[string]bool
}

// NewRedirectSet compiles rules into a set. A pattern or regex source that
// does not compile is left out.
func NewRedirectSet(rules []models.Redirect) *RedirectSet {
	s := &RedirectSet{exact: map[string][]models.Redirect{}, fetched: map[string]bool{}}
	s.add(rules)
	return s
}

// add puts rules into the set, once per id.
func (s *RedirectSet) add(rules []models.Redirect) {
	for _, r := range rules {
		switch r.Match {
		case models.RedirectPattern, models.RedirectRegex:
			re := sourceExpr(r)
			if re == nil {
				continue
			}
			c := &compiledRedirect{rule: r, re: re, prefix: literalPrefix(r.Source)}
			if r.Match == models.RedirectPattern {
				s.patterns = append(s.patterns, c)
			} else {
				s.regexes = append(s.regexes, c)
			}
		default:
			key := exactKey(r.Source)
			dup := false
			for _, have := range s.exact[key] {
				dup = dup || have.ID == r.ID
			}
			if !dup {
				s.exact[key] = append(s.exact[key], r)
			}
		}
	}
	sort.SliceStable(s.patterns, func(i, j int) bool {
		if s.patterns[i].prefix != s.patterns[j].prefix {
			return s.patterns[i].prefix > s.patterns[j].prefix
		}
		return s.patterns[i].rule.ID < s.patterns[j].rule.ID
	})
	sort.SliceStable(s.regexes, func(i, j int) bool { return s.regexes[i].rule.ID < s.regexes[j].rule.ID })
	for key := range s.exact {
		rows := s.exact[key]
		sort.SliceStable(rows, func(i, j int) bool { return rows[i].ID < rows[j].ID })
	}
}

// LoadRedirects returns every redirect rule.
func LoadRedirects(db *gorm.DB) ([]models.Redirect, error) {
	var rows []models.Redirect
	err := db.Order("id ASC").Find(&rows).Error
	return rows, err
}

// LoadRedirectSet reads the rule set for the resolver: every pattern and
// regex rule now, exact rules per path as the set needs them (indexed on
// lower(source)).
func LoadRedirectSet(db *gorm.DB) (*RedirectSet, error) {
	var rows []models.Redirect
	if err := db.Where("match <> ?", models.RedirectExact).Order("id ASC").Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	s := NewRedirectSet(rows)
	s.fetch = func(keys []string) ([]models.Redirect, error) {
		var out []models.Redirect
		err := db.Where("match = ? AND lower(source) IN ?", models.RedirectExact, keys).Order("id ASC").Find(&out).Error
		return out, err
	}
	return s, nil
}

// ensure loads the exact rules of keys the set has not read yet.
func (s *RedirectSet) ensure(keys []string) error {
	if s.fetch == nil {
		return nil
	}
	var missing []string
	for _, k := range keys {
		if !s.fetched[k] {
			missing = append(missing, k)
			s.fetched[k] = true
		}
	}
	if len(missing) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	rows, err := s.fetch(missing)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	s.add(rows)
	return nil
}

// RedirectHit is a rule that matched a request and the target it sends
// the request to: a path or an absolute URL, "" for 410 Gone.
type RedirectHit struct {
	Rule   models.Redirect
	Target string
}

// Match returns the first rule that matches path and rawQuery, in the
// D-17 order, with its target. A rule whose substituted target would leave
// the target's own host (an open redirect) does not match.
func (s *RedirectSet) Match(path, rawQuery string) (RedirectHit, bool, error) {
	if err := s.ensure(exactKeys(path, rawQuery)); err != nil {
		return RedirectHit{}, false, err
	}
	for _, key := range exactKeys(path, rawQuery) {
		for _, r := range s.exact[key] {
			if exactMatches(r, path, rawQuery) {
				if hit, ok := finishHit(r, r.Target, rawQuery, false); ok {
					return hit, true, nil
				}
			}
		}
	}
	full := path
	if rawQuery != "" {
		full = path + "?" + rawQuery
	}
	for _, c := range s.patterns {
		subject := path
		if strings.Contains(c.rule.Source, "?") {
			subject = full
		}
		m := c.re.FindStringSubmatch(subject)
		if m == nil {
			continue
		}
		target := expandStars(c.rule.Target, m[1:])
		if hit, ok := finishHit(c.rule, target, rawQuery, strings.Contains(c.rule.Source, "?")); ok {
			return hit, true, nil
		}
	}
	for _, c := range s.regexes {
		m := c.re.FindStringSubmatch(path)
		if m == nil && c.rule.TrailingSlash {
			m = c.re.FindStringSubmatch(toggleSlash(path))
		}
		if m == nil {
			continue
		}
		target := expandGroups(c.re, c.rule.Target, m)
		if hit, ok := finishHit(c.rule, target, rawQuery, false); ok {
			return hit, true, nil
		}
	}
	return RedirectHit{}, false, nil
}

// finishHit checks a substituted target against its literal and passes
// the request's query on when the rule asks for it. ok is false when the
// target would point to another host than its literal names (T-32-16).
func finishHit(r models.Redirect, target, rawQuery string, queryMatched bool) (RedirectHit, bool) {
	if r.Status == models.Status410 {
		return RedirectHit{Rule: r}, true
	}
	safe, ok := SafeTarget(r.Target, target)
	if !ok {
		return RedirectHit{}, false
	}
	if r.Query == models.QueryPass && rawQuery != "" && !queryMatched && !strings.Contains(r.Source, "?") {
		sep := "?"
		if strings.Contains(safe, "?") {
			sep = "&"
		}
		safe += sep + rawQuery
	}
	return RedirectHit{Rule: r, Target: safe}, true
}

// SafeTarget checks a substituted target against the rule's literal
// target (T-32-16): a relative literal must stay a path on this site
// (repeated leading slashes collapse, so a capture cannot make it
// protocol-relative), and an absolute literal must keep its scheme and
// host. ok is false otherwise.
func SafeTarget(literal, target string) (string, bool) {
	target = strings.TrimSpace(target)
	if target == "" {
		return "", false
	}
	if lu, err := url.Parse(literal); err == nil && lu.IsAbs() {
		u, err := url.Parse(target)
		base, berr := url.Parse(regexpGroup.ReplaceAllString(strings.ReplaceAll(literal, "*", ""), ""))
		if err != nil || berr != nil || !u.IsAbs() || u.Host == "" ||
			!strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, base.Scheme) || !strings.EqualFold(u.Host, base.Host) {
			return "", false
		}
		return target, true
	}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(target, "/") && !strings.HasPrefix(target, `\`) {
		return "", false
	}
	target = "/" + strings.TrimLeft(target, `/\`)
	u, err := url.Parse(target)
	if err != nil || u.IsAbs() || u.Host != "" {
		return "", false
	}
	return target, true
}

// regexpGroup finds $1, ${1} and ${name} references in a target.
var regexpGroup = regexp.MustCompile(`\$(\d+|\{[A-Za-z0-9_]+\})`)

// expandStars replaces each * of a pattern target with the matching
// capture of the source, in order; a * without a capture becomes "".
func expandStars(target string, captures []string) string {
	if !strings.Contains(target, "*") {
		return target
	}
	var b strings.Builder
	i := 0
	for _, part := range strings.SplitAfter(target, "*") {
		if !strings.HasSuffix(part, "*") {
			b.WriteString(part)
			continue
		}
		b.WriteString(strings.TrimSuffix(part, "*"))
		if i < len(captures) {
			b.WriteString(escapeCapture(captures[i]))
		}
		i++
	}
	return b.String()
}

// expandGroups replaces $1, ${1} and ${name} in a regex target with the
// escaped captures of m; an unknown group becomes "".
func expandGroups(re *regexp.Regexp, target string, m []string) string {
	return regexpGroup.ReplaceAllStringFunc(target, func(ref string) string {
		name := strings.Trim(strings.TrimPrefix(ref, "$"), "{}")
		idx, err := strconv.Atoi(name)
		if err != nil {
			idx = re.SubexpIndex(name)
		}
		if idx <= 0 || idx >= len(m) {
			return ""
		}
		return escapeCapture(m[idx])
	})
}

// escapeCapture percent-encodes a captured piece of a decoded path for a
// target's path: unreserved characters, "/" and the sub-delimiters stay,
// everything else (?, #, \, %, spaces, non-ASCII) is encoded, so a capture
// can neither start a query or fragment nor carry a backslash.
func escapeCapture(s string) string {
	const keep = "-._~/!$&'()*+,;=:@"
	var b strings.Builder
	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
		c := s[i]
		if c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' || c >= '0' && c <= '9' || strings.IndexByte(keep, c) >= 0 {
			b.WriteByte(c)
			continue
		}
		b.WriteString("%" + strings.ToUpper(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(c)>>4, 16)) + strings.ToUpper(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(c)&15, 16)))
	}
	return b.String()
}

// Chain is the result of following redirects from one URL.
type Chain struct {
	// Hops are the rules that fired, in order.
	Hops []RedirectHit
	// Visited are the URLs the chain went through: the start, then each
	// internal target (path with query).
	Visited []string
	// Final is the last target: a path or an absolute URL.
	Final string
	// Loop is true when a URL or a rule came round again, or the chain
	// reached MaxRedirectHops.
	Loop bool
	// Gone is true when the chain ends on a 410 rule.
	Gone bool
	// Status is 302 when any hop is temporary, else 301.
	Status int
}

// Follow follows the set from path and rawQuery, at most max hops. site is
// the site URL: an absolute target on it is followed like a path.
func (s *RedirectSet) Follow(site, path, rawQuery string, max int) (Chain, error) {
	ch := Chain{Status: models.Status301}
	cur, query := path, rawQuery
	seen := map[string]bool{joinQuery(cur, query): true}
	used := map[uint]bool{}
	ch.Visited = append(ch.Visited, joinQuery(cur, query))
	for {
		hit, ok, err := s.Match(cur, query)
		if err != nil {
			return ch, err
		}
		if !ok {
			return ch, nil
		}
		if used[hit.Rule.ID] {
			ch.Loop = true
			return ch, nil
		}
		used[hit.Rule.ID] = true
		ch.Hops = append(ch.Hops, hit)
		if hit.Rule.Status == models.Status302 {
			ch.Status = models.Status302
		}
		if hit.Rule.Status == models.Status410 {
			ch.Gone = true
			return ch, nil
		}
		ch.Final = hit.Target
		next, nextQuery, internal := internalTarget(site, hit.Target)
		if !internal {
			return ch, nil
		}
		key := joinQuery(next, nextQuery)
		ch.Visited = append(ch.Visited, key)
		if seen[key] || len(ch.Hops) >= max {
			ch.Loop = true
			return ch, nil
		}
		seen[key] = true
		cur, query = next, nextQuery
	}
}

// joinQuery is path with its query.
func joinQuery(path, rawQuery string) string {
	if rawQuery == "" {
		return path
	}
	return path + "?" + rawQuery
}

// internalTarget returns the decoded path and the query of a target on
// this site: a path, or an absolute URL whose origin is the site URL.
func internalTarget(site, target string) (string, string, bool) {
	u, err := url.Parse(target)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", false
	}
	if u.IsAbs() {
		su, err := url.Parse(site)
		if site == "" || err != nil || !strings.EqualFold(su.Host, u.Host) || !strings.EqualFold(su.Scheme, u.Scheme) {
			return "", "", false
		}
	} else if !strings.HasPrefix(target, "/") {
		return "", "", false
	}
	p := u.Path
	if p == "" {
		p = "/"
	}
	return p, u.RawQuery, true
}

// redirectHopsLogged keeps the URLs whose runtime redirect cycle was
// logged, so each is logged once.
var redirectHopsLogged sync.Map

// logRedirectCycle logs a redirect cycle met at runtime, once per URL.
func logRedirectCycle(url string, ch Chain) {
	if _, seen := redirectHopsLogged.LoadOrStore(url, true); seen {
		return
	}
	log.Warn("golem15.seo: redirect cycle, answering not_found", "url", url, "path", strings.Join(ch.Visited, " → "))
}

// RedirectValues are a redirect's values for history.
func RedirectValues(r models.Redirect) map[string]any {
	return map[string]any{
		"source":         r.Source,
		"match":          r.Match,
		"target":         r.Target,
		"status":         r.Status,
		"query":          r.Query,
		"ignore_case":    r.IgnoreCase,
		"trailing_slash": r.TrailingSlash,
		"origin":         r.Origin,
		"note":           r.Note,
	}
}

// redirectWhat is the history description of a redirect.
func (s *Service) redirectWhat(r models.Redirect) string {
	return s.Phrase("golem15.seo::lang.history.what_redirect", map[string]string{"url": r.Source})
}

// samePath reports whether target names path on this site: the path
// itself, or an absolute URL on the site URL with that path.
func (s *Service) samePath(target, path string) bool {
	target = strings.TrimSpace(target)
	if target == path {
		return true
	}
	site := s.SiteURL()
	return site != "" && target == site+path
}