diff --git a/internal/build/build.go b/internal/build/build.go
index dbba10d..390c593 100644
--- a/internal/build/build.go
+++ b/internal/build/build.go
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ func generateMain(m Manifest) ([]byte, error) {
 	b.WriteString("\t}\n")
 	b.WriteString("\tcommands := lagoon.RuntimeCommands(app, plugins)\n")
 	b.WriteString("\tcommands = append(commands, surf.ServeCommand(app, plugins))\n")
+	b.WriteString("\tcommands = append(commands, surf.RouteListCommand(app, plugins))\n")
 	b.WriteString("\tfor _, plugin := range plugins {\n")
 	b.WriteString("\t\tif hasCommands, ok := plugin.(pact.HasCommands); ok {\n")
 	b.WriteString("\t\t\tcommands = append(commands, hasCommands.Commands()...)\n")
diff --git a/internal/build/build_test.go b/internal/build/build_test.go
index 3f4e726..136d1f5 100644
--- a/internal/build/build_test.go
+++ b/internal/build/build_test.go
@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ func TestGenerateStableQuotedImportsInManifestOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	if !bytes.Contains(mainSrc, []byte("surf.ServeCommand")) {
 		t.Fatalf("main does not register serve:\n%s", mainSrc)
 	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(mainSrc, []byte("surf.RouteListCommand")) {
+		t.Fatalf("main does not register route:list:\n%s", mainSrc)
+	}
 	if bytes.Contains(mainSrc, []byte("examples/hello")) {
 		t.Fatal("generated main hard-codes examples/hello")
 	}
diff --git a/pact/capabilities.go b/pact/capabilities.go
index 04764cf..9915f27 100644
--- a/pact/capabilities.go
+++ b/pact/capabilities.go
@@ -42,9 +42,25 @@ type HasMiddlewareFactories interface {
 	MiddlewareFactories() map[string]func(param string) Middleware
 }
 
+// HasHouseMiddleware is implemented by plugins that register middleware
+// tagged as house-envelope/error handling -- refused inside a raw group
+// (D-16). This is the ONLY way a plugin declares a house-tagged name:
+// plugins never call a Router.Register* method directly (there is no such
+// call site anywhere in this codebase -- RegisterMiddleware/
+// RegisterMiddlewareFactory/RegisterHouseMiddleware are all called
+// exclusively from surf.Assemble/BuildRouter's plugin loop, the same way
+// HasMiddleware's Middlewares() map is today). A name present in both
+// Middlewares() and HouseMiddlewares() (from the same or a different
+// plugin) fails boot with the existing duplicate-name error, since both are
+// registered into the same underlying name table.
+type HasHouseMiddleware interface {
+	HouseMiddlewares() map[string]Middleware
+}
+
 // Router is the Laravel-like group builder implemented by surf.
 type Router interface {
 	Group(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(Router))
+	GroupRaw(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(Router))
 	Get(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string)
 	Post(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string)
 	Put(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string)
@@ -127,6 +143,6 @@ type OptionalMessage interface {
 //
 // The kernel type-asserts HasConfig (party, before Register), HasCommands
 // (generated app main, after Boot), HasMigrations (lagoon migrate), and
-// HasMiddleware/HasMiddlewareFactories/HasRoutes (surf assemble).
-// surf.BucketProvider is type-asserted in Assemble (not a pact interface:
-// pact cannot import surf without a cycle).
+// HasMiddleware/HasMiddlewareFactories/HasHouseMiddleware/HasRoutes
+// (surf assemble). surf.BucketProvider is type-asserted in Assemble/
+// BuildRouter (not a pact interface: pact cannot import surf without a cycle).
diff --git a/surf/routelist_command.go b/surf/routelist_command.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bf4453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surf/routelist_command.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package surf
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/backpack"
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/bonfire"
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/party"
+)
+
+// RouteListCommand builds the router the same way ServeCommand does, then
+// renders Routes() as a table instead of serving.
+func RouteListCommand(app *backpack.App, plugins []party.Plugin) bonfire.Command {
+	return bonfire.Command{
+		Name:        "route:list",
+		Description: "List registered HTTP routes",
+		Run: func(ctx context.Context, in bonfire.Input, out bonfire.Output) error {
+			r, err := BuildRouter(app, plugins)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			infos := r.Routes()
+			rows := make([][]string, 0, len(infos))
+			for _, rt := range infos {
+				rows = append(rows, []string{
+					rt.Method,
+					rt.Pattern,
+					rt.PluginID,
+					strings.Join(rt.Middleware, ","),
+					strconv.FormatBool(rt.Raw),
+				})
+			}
+			out.Table([]string{"Method", "Pattern", "Plugin", "Middleware", "Raw"}, rows)
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/surf/router.go b/surf/router.go
index 46394b8..b274aa7 100644
--- a/surf/router.go
+++ b/surf/router.go
@@ -18,13 +18,15 @@ func Use(names ...string) []string {
 }
 
 type namedMiddleware struct {
-	pluginID string
-	fn       pact.Middleware
+	pluginID    string
+	fn          pact.Middleware
+	houseTagged bool
 }
 
 type namedMiddlewareFactory struct {
-	pluginID string
-	fn       func(param string) pact.Middleware
+	pluginID    string
+	fn          func(param string) pact.Middleware
+	houseTagged bool
 }
 
 type route struct {
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ type route struct {
 	handler     http.Handler
 	middleware  []string
 	constraints []Constraint
+	raw         bool
 }
 
 // Router compiles group declarations onto net/http ServeMux.
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ type Group struct {
 	pluginID   string
 	prefix     string
 	middleware []string
+	raw        bool
 }
 
 // New returns an empty router.
@@ -75,6 +79,17 @@ func New(origins []string) *Router {
 
 // RegisterMiddleware stores a named wrapper. Duplicate names fail.
 func (r *Router) RegisterMiddleware(pluginID, name string, fn pact.Middleware) error {
+	return r.registerNamed(pluginID, name, false, fn)
+}
+
+// RegisterHouseMiddleware stores a named wrapper tagged as house-envelope/error
+// handling. Raw groups refuse these names at wrap/Assemble time. Called only
+// from BuildRouter's HasHouseMiddleware plugin loop.
+func (r *Router) RegisterHouseMiddleware(pluginID, name string, fn pact.Middleware) error {
+	return r.registerNamed(pluginID, name, true, fn)
+}
+
+func (r *Router) registerNamed(pluginID, name string, tagged bool, fn pact.Middleware) error {
 	if r == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("surf: router is nil")
 	}
@@ -84,7 +99,7 @@ func (r *Router) RegisterMiddleware(pluginID, name string, fn pact.Middleware) e
 	if existing, ok := r.named[name]; ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("surf: middleware %q already registered by %s", name, existing.pluginID)
 	}
-	r.named[name] = namedMiddleware{pluginID: pluginID, fn: fn}
+	r.named[name] = namedMiddleware{pluginID: pluginID, fn: fn, houseTagged: tagged}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -92,6 +107,17 @@ func (r *Router) RegisterMiddleware(pluginID, name string, fn pact.Middleware) e
 // At wrap time a name not found in r.named is split on the first ':' and
 // the base is looked up here. Duplicate factory names fail.
 func (r *Router) RegisterMiddlewareFactory(pluginID, name string, fn func(param string) pact.Middleware) error {
+	return r.registerNamedFactory(pluginID, name, false, fn)
+}
+
+// RegisterHouseMiddlewareFactory stores a parameterized house-envelope/error
+// factory. No plugin-facing capability wires this yet; it exists as
+// infrastructure for a future house-tagged parameterized consumer.
+func (r *Router) RegisterHouseMiddlewareFactory(pluginID, name string, fn func(param string) pact.Middleware) error {
+	return r.registerNamedFactory(pluginID, name, true, fn)
+}
+
+func (r *Router) registerNamedFactory(pluginID, name string, tagged bool, fn func(param string) pact.Middleware) error {
 	if r == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("surf: router is nil")
 	}
@@ -101,7 +127,7 @@ func (r *Router) RegisterMiddlewareFactory(pluginID, name string, fn func(param
 	if existing, ok := r.factories[name]; ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("surf: middleware factory %q already registered by %s", name, existing.pluginID)
 	}
-	r.factories[name] = namedMiddlewareFactory{pluginID: pluginID, fn: fn}
+	r.factories[name] = namedMiddlewareFactory{pluginID: pluginID, fn: fn, houseTagged: tagged}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -113,6 +139,14 @@ func (r *Router) BindPlugin(id string) {
 }
 
 func (r *Router) Group(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(pact.Router)) {
+	r.openGroup(prefix, middleware, false, fn)
+}
+
+func (r *Router) GroupRaw(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(pact.Router)) {
+	r.openGroup(prefix, middleware, true, fn)
+}
+
+func (r *Router) openGroup(prefix string, middleware []string, raw bool, fn func(pact.Router)) {
 	if r == nil || fn == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -121,6 +155,7 @@ func (r *Router) Group(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(pact.Router))
 		pluginID:   r.pluginID,
 		prefix:     joinPath(r.prefix, prefix),
 		middleware: append([]string{}, r.middleware...),
+		raw:        raw,
 	}
 	g.middleware = append(g.middleware, middleware...)
 	fn(g)
@@ -130,38 +165,46 @@ func (r *Router) Get(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string
 	if r == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodGet, path, handler, middleware)
+	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodGet, path, handler, middleware, false)
 }
 
 func (r *Router) Post(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if r == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodPost, path, handler, middleware)
+	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodPost, path, handler, middleware, false)
 }
 
 func (r *Router) Put(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if r == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodPut, path, handler, middleware)
+	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodPut, path, handler, middleware, false)
 }
 
 func (r *Router) Patch(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if r == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodPatch, path, handler, middleware)
+	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodPatch, path, handler, middleware, false)
 }
 
 func (r *Router) Delete(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if r == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodDelete, path, handler, middleware)
+	r.add(r.pluginID, r.prefix, r.middleware, http.MethodDelete, path, handler, middleware, false)
 }
 
 func (g *Group) Group(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(pact.Router)) {
+	g.openGroup(prefix, middleware, g.raw, fn)
+}
+
+func (g *Group) GroupRaw(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(pact.Router)) {
+	g.openGroup(prefix, middleware, true, fn)
+}
+
+func (g *Group) openGroup(prefix string, middleware []string, raw bool, fn func(pact.Router)) {
 	if g == nil || g.router == nil || fn == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -170,6 +213,7 @@ func (g *Group) Group(prefix string, middleware []string, fn func(pact.Router))
 		pluginID:   g.pluginID,
 		prefix:     joinPath(g.prefix, prefix),
 		middleware: append([]string{}, g.middleware...),
+		raw:        raw,
 	}
 	next.middleware = append(next.middleware, middleware...)
 	fn(next)
@@ -179,35 +223,35 @@ func (g *Group) Get(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string)
 	if g == nil || g.router == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodGet, path, handler, middleware)
+	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodGet, path, handler, middleware, g.raw)
 }
 
 func (g *Group) Post(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if g == nil || g.router == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodPost, path, handler, middleware)
+	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodPost, path, handler, middleware, g.raw)
 }
 
 func (g *Group) Put(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if g == nil || g.router == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodPut, path, handler, middleware)
+	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodPut, path, handler, middleware, g.raw)
 }
 
 func (g *Group) Patch(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if g == nil || g.router == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodPatch, path, handler, middleware)
+	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodPatch, path, handler, middleware, g.raw)
 }
 
 func (g *Group) Delete(path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...string) {
 	if g == nil || g.router == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodDelete, path, handler, middleware)
+	g.router.add(g.pluginID, g.prefix, g.middleware, http.MethodDelete, path, handler, middleware, g.raw)
 }
 
 // Where attaches a compiled regex constraint to the last route, matching PHP ->where().
@@ -266,7 +310,7 @@ func (r *Router) addConstraint(c Constraint) {
 	last.constraints = append(last.constraints, c)
 }
 
-func (r *Router) add(pluginID, prefix string, groupMW []string, method, path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, extra []string) {
+func (r *Router) add(pluginID, prefix string, groupMW []string, method, path string, handler http.HandlerFunc, extra []string, raw bool) {
 	full := joinPath(prefix, path)
 	key := method + " " + full
 	if prev, ok := r.seen[key]; ok {
@@ -282,6 +326,7 @@ func (r *Router) add(pluginID, prefix string, groupMW []string, method, path str
 		path:       full,
 		handler:    handler,
 		middleware: mw,
+		raw:        raw,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -297,7 +342,7 @@ func (r *Router) compile() (http.Handler, error) {
 		}
 		mux.Handle(rt.method+" "+rt.path, h)
 	}
-	return recoverJSON(cors(r.origins, mux)), nil
+	return cors(r.origins, mux), nil
 }
 
 func (r *Router) wrap(rt route) (http.Handler, error) {
@@ -306,12 +351,18 @@ func (r *Router) wrap(rt route) (http.Handler, error) {
 	for i := len(rt.middleware) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
 		name := rt.middleware[i]
 		if named, ok := r.named[name]; ok {
+			if rt.raw && named.houseTagged {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("surf: raw group cannot use house-envelope middleware %q (plugin %q)", name, rt.pluginID)
+			}
 			h = named.fn(h)
 			continue
 		}
 		base, param, hasParam := strings.Cut(name, ":")
 		if hasParam {
 			if factory, ok := r.factories[base]; ok {
+				if rt.raw && factory.houseTagged {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("surf: raw group cannot use house-envelope middleware %q (plugin %q)", name, rt.pluginID)
+				}
 				if base == "throttle" && r.limiter != nil {
 					if err := r.limiter.ValidateThrottle(param); err != nil {
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("surf: plugin %q: %w", rt.pluginID, err)
@@ -324,11 +375,26 @@ func (r *Router) wrap(rt route) (http.Handler, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("surf: plugin %q references unknown middleware %q", rt.pluginID, name)
 	}
 	h = locale(h)
+	if rt.raw {
+		h = recoverBare(h)
+	} else {
+		h = recoverJSON(h)
+	}
 	return h, nil
 }
 
 // Assemble registers plugin middleware and routes, then compiles ServeMux.
 func Assemble(app *backpack.App, plugins []party.Plugin) (http.Handler, error) {
+	r, err := BuildRouter(app, plugins)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return r.compile()
+}
+
+// BuildRouter registers plugin middleware and routes without compiling ServeMux,
+// so callers (route:list) can inspect Routes() after a successful boot.
+func BuildRouter(app *backpack.App, plugins []party.Plugin) (*Router, error) {
 	r := New(corsOrigins(app))
 	trusted := TrustedProxies(nil)
 	if app != nil {
@@ -360,6 +426,15 @@ func Assemble(app *backpack.App, plugins []party.Plugin) (http.Handler, error) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	for _, p := range plugins {
+		if hh, ok := p.(pact.HasHouseMiddleware); ok {
+			for name, fn := range hh.HouseMiddlewares() {
+				if err := r.RegisterHouseMiddleware(p.ID(), name, fn); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	for _, p := range plugins {
 		if bp, ok := p.(BucketProvider); ok {
 			for name, b := range bp.Buckets() {
@@ -382,7 +457,7 @@ func Assemble(app *backpack.App, plugins []party.Plugin) (http.Handler, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	return r.compile()
+	return r, nil
 }
 
 func corsOrigins(app *backpack.App) []string {
@@ -423,6 +498,17 @@ func recoverJSON(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	})
 }
 
+func recoverBare(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		defer func() {
+			if rec := recover(); rec != nil {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+		}()
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
 func cors(origins []string, next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	allowed := make(map[string]struct{}, len(origins))
 	for _, o := range origins {
diff --git a/surf/router_test.go b/surf/router_test.go
index ebdb595..daec18b 100644
--- a/surf/router_test.go
+++ b/surf/router_test.go
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/backpack"
 	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/pact"
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/party"
 )
 
 type routePlugin struct {
@@ -46,6 +48,72 @@ func TestMissingMiddlewareNamesPluginAndName(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRawGroupPanicBare500(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(nil)
+	r.GroupRaw("/oauth", nil, func(g pact.Router) {
+		g.Get("/panic", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			panic("secret internals")
+		})
+	})
+	r.Get("/panic", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+		panic("secret internals")
+	})
+	h, err := r.compile()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/oauth/panic", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusInternalServerError {
+		t.Fatalf("raw status = %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	if rec.Body.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("raw body = %q", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if ct := rec.Header().Get("Content-Type"); ct != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("raw Content-Type = %q", ct)
+	}
+
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/panic", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusInternalServerError {
+		t.Fatalf("house status = %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	if rec.Header().Get("Content-Type") != "application/json" {
+		t.Fatalf("house Content-Type = %q", rec.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+	var payload map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if payload["error"] != true || payload["message"] != "Internal server error" {
+		t.Fatalf("payload = %v", payload)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHouseMiddlewareDuplicateNameFailsBoot(t *testing.T) {
+	identity := func(next http.Handler) http.Handler { return next }
+	named := assemblePlugin{
+		id:  "golem15.one",
+		mw:  map[string]pact.Middleware{"shared.mw": identity},
+		use: []string{},
+	}
+	house := houseRoutePlugin{
+		id: "golem15.two",
+		house: map[string]pact.Middleware{
+			"shared.mw": identity,
+		},
+	}
+	_, err := BuildRouter(backpack.New(nil), []party.Plugin{named, house})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("want duplicate-name error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "shared.mw") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "golem15.one") {
+		t.Fatalf("want existing duplicate-name error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRecoverReturnsOpaqueJSON500(t *testing.T) {
 	r := New(nil)
 	r.Get("/panic", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
diff --git a/surf/routetable.go b/surf/routetable.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cc1935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surf/routetable.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package surf
+
+// RouteInfo is a read-only snapshot of one registered route after Assemble
+// or BuildRouter.
+type RouteInfo struct {
+	Method     string
+	Pattern    string
+	PluginID   string
+	Middleware []string
+	Raw        bool
+}
+
+// Routes returns a defensive copy of every registered route.
+func (r *Router) Routes() []RouteInfo {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]RouteInfo, len(r.routes))
+	for i, rt := range r.routes {
+		mw := append([]string{}, rt.middleware...)
+		out[i] = RouteInfo{
+			Method:     rt.method,
+			Pattern:    rt.path,
+			PluginID:   rt.pluginID,
+			Middleware: mw,
+			Raw:        rt.raw,
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/surf/routetable_test.go b/surf/routetable_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b182045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/surf/routetable_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package surf
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/backpack"
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/pact"
+	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/party"
+)
+
+func TestRouteTableRawFlagAndStickyInheritance(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(nil)
+	r.BindPlugin("golem15.demo")
+	r.Get("/plain", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+	r.Group("/g", nil, func(g pact.Router) {
+		g.Get("/nested", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+	})
+	r.GroupRaw("/raw", nil, func(g pact.Router) {
+		g.Get("/a", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+		g.Group("/child", nil, func(c pact.Router) {
+			c.Get("/b", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+		})
+	})
+
+	byPattern := map[string]RouteInfo{}
+	for _, rt := range r.Routes() {
+		byPattern[rt.Pattern] = rt
+	}
+
+	want := map[string]bool{
+		"/plain":       false,
+		"/g/nested":    false,
+		"/raw/a":       true,
+		"/raw/child/b": true,
+	}
+	for pattern, raw := range want {
+		got, ok := byPattern[pattern]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("missing route %s in %v", pattern, keys(byPattern))
+		}
+		if got.Raw != raw {
+			t.Fatalf("%s Raw = %v, want %v", pattern, got.Raw, raw)
+		}
+		if got.Method != http.MethodGet {
+			t.Fatalf("%s Method = %s", pattern, got.Method)
+		}
+		if got.PluginID != "golem15.demo" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s PluginID = %s", pattern, got.PluginID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func keys(m map[string]RouteInfo) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestRouteTableDoesNotAliasInternalSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(nil)
+	r.BindPlugin("golem15.demo")
+	r.Group("/api", Use("jwt.auth"), func(g pact.Router) {
+		g.Get("/items", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+	})
+	first := r.Routes()
+	if len(first) != 1 || len(first[0].Middleware) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %+v", first)
+	}
+	first[0].Middleware[0] = "mutated"
+	first[0].Pattern = "/changed"
+	second := r.Routes()
+	if second[0].Middleware[0] != "jwt.auth" {
+		t.Fatalf("internal middleware aliased: %v", second[0].Middleware)
+	}
+	if second[0].Pattern != "/api/items" {
+		t.Fatalf("internal pattern aliased: %s", second[0].Pattern)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRawGroupHouseMiddlewareRefusedAtBuild(t *testing.T) {
+	identity := func(next http.Handler) http.Handler { return next }
+	p := houseRoutePlugin{
+		id: "golem15.demo",
+		house: map[string]pact.Middleware{
+			"house.err": identity,
+		},
+		rawUse: []string{"house.err"},
+	}
+	_, err := BuildRouter(backpack.New(nil), []party.Plugin{p})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("want BuildRouter error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "house.err") {
+		t.Fatalf("want middleware name in error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "golem15.demo") {
+		t.Fatalf("want plugin in error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "raw group cannot use house-envelope middleware") {
+		t.Fatalf("want raw-group refusal, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+type houseRoutePlugin struct {
+	id     string
+	house  map[string]pact.Middleware
+	mw     map[string]pact.Middleware
+	rawUse []string
+}
+
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) ID() string                                   { return p.id }
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) Requires() []string                           { return nil }
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) Register(*backpack.App) error                 { return nil }
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) Boot(*backpack.App) error                     { return nil }
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) Middlewares() map[string]pact.Middleware      { return p.mw }
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) HouseMiddlewares() map[string]pact.Middleware { return p.house }
+func (p houseRoutePlugin) Routes(r pact.Router) error {
+	r.GroupRaw("/oauth", Use(p.rawUse...), func(g pact.Router) {
+		g.Get("/x", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+	})
+	return nil
+}