summercms/modules/cabana/partial_render.go

package cabana

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"html/template"
	"log/slog"
	"net/http"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/modules/pact"
	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/modules/phrasebook"
	"git.golem15.com/golem15/summercms/modules/towel"
	"golang.org/x/net/html"
	"golang.org/x/net/html/atom"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

// Partial render caps (T-10.1-12). Exceeding any of them is an error, never a
// truncated tree.
const (
	partialMaxBytes = 64 << 10
	partialMaxNodes = 2000
	partialMaxDepth = 32
)

// compiledPartial is one controller partial template, parsed at boot. The
// pristine template is never executed: html/template refuses to Clone a
// template after Execute, so every render executes a clone.
type compiledPartial struct {
	name     string
	pristine *template.Template
}

// partialFuncs are the functions a partial template may call. trans is bound
// per request; the boot parse only needs the name to exist.
func partialFuncs(trans func(string) string) template.FuncMap {
	return template.FuncMap{"trans": trans}
}

// parsePartial parses a partial template with html/template, so contextual
// escaping stays on for every value the view model supplies (D-10).
func parsePartial(name string, src []byte) (*compiledPartial, error) {
	tpl, err := template.New(name).Funcs(partialFuncs(func(key string) string { return key })).Parse(string(src))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &compiledPartial{name: name, pristine: tpl}, nil
}

// render executes the partial against the curated view model and returns the
// allowlisted node tree (D-10, D-17). The template's root is {"Data": data}.
func (p *compiledPartial) render(ctx context.Context, tr *phrasebook.Translator, data any) ([]PartialNode, error) {
	tpl, err := p.pristine.Clone()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	tpl.Funcs(partialFuncs(func(key string) string { return translateKey(ctx, tr, key) }))
	out := &cappedBuffer{limit: partialMaxBytes}
	if err := tpl.Execute(out, map[string]any{"Data": data}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	container := &html.Node{Type: html.ElementNode, Data: "div", DataAtom: atom.Div}
	parsed, err := html.ParseFragment(bytes.NewReader(out.buf.Bytes()), container)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	budget := &partialBudget{nodes: partialMaxNodes}
	return sanitizePartialNodes(parsed, 0, budget)
}

var errPartialTooLarge = errors.New("cabana: partial output exceeds the size cap")

// cappedBuffer fails a write that would grow past limit bytes.
type cappedBuffer struct {
	buf   bytes.Buffer
	limit int
}

func (b *cappedBuffer) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
	if b.buf.Len()+len(p) > b.limit {
		return 0, errPartialTooLarge
	}
	return b.buf.Write(p)
}

type partialBudget struct {
	nodes int
}

func (b *partialBudget) take() error {
	b.nodes--
	if b.nodes < 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("cabana: partial output exceeds %d nodes", partialMaxNodes)
	}
	return nil
}

// partialTags are the elements a partial may emit (RESEARCH Pattern 4; the
// SPA mirrors the same list).
var partialTags = setOf("div", "span", "p", "strong", "em", "b", "i", "u", "s", "small", "mark",
	"code", "pre", "br", "hr", "ul", "ol", "li", "dl", "dt", "dd", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6",
	"table", "thead", "tbody", "tfoot", "tr", "th", "td", "caption", "section", "header", "footer",
	"figure", "figcaption", "blockquote", "q", "abbr", "time", "data", "meter", "progress", "sup",
	"sub", "a", "img")

// partialDroppedTags are removed together with everything inside them.
var partialDroppedTags = setOf("script", "style", "template", "iframe", "object", "embed",
	"noscript", "textarea", "title", "xmp", "svg", "math", "form", "input", "button", "select",
	"link", "meta", "base")

// partialGlobalAttrs are allowed on every allowlisted element, next to aria-*
// and data-*.
var partialGlobalAttrs = setOf("class", "title", "lang", "dir", "role")

// partialTagAttrs are the per-element attributes. a[href] and img[src] also
// pass safePartialURL.
var partialTagAttrs = map[string]map[string]bool{
	"a":        setOf("href"),
	"img":      setOf("src", "alt", "width", "height"),
	"td":       setOf("colspan", "rowspan", "scope"),
	"th":       setOf("colspan", "rowspan", "scope"),
	"time":     setOf("datetime"),
	"data":     setOf("value"),
	"meter":    setOf("value", "min", "max", "low", "high", "optimum"),
	"progress": setOf("value", "max"),
}

func setOf(items ...string) map[string]bool {
	out := make(map[string]bool, len(items))
	for _, item := range items {
		out[item] = true
	}
	return out
}

// sanitizePartialNodes walks parsed nodes through the allowlist. Allowed
// elements keep their allowlisted attributes, dropped elements lose their
// whole subtree, any other element is unwrapped (its children kept), and
// comments and doctypes disappear. The result is never nil.
func sanitizePartialNodes(nodes []*html.Node, depth int, budget *partialBudget) ([]PartialNode, error) {
	out := []PartialNode{}
	for _, node := range nodes {
		converted, err := sanitizePartialNode(node, depth, budget)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, converted...)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func sanitizePartialNode(node *html.Node, depth int, budget *partialBudget) ([]PartialNode, error) {
	switch node.Type {
	case html.TextNode:
		if node.Data == "" {
			return nil, nil
		}
		if err := budget.take(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return []PartialNode{{Text: node.Data}}, nil
	case html.ElementNode:
		tag := strings.ToLower(node.Data)
		// Foreign (SVG, MathML) content and dropped elements go with their subtree.
		if node.Namespace != "" || partialDroppedTags[tag] {
			return nil, nil
		}
		if !partialTags[tag] {
			return sanitizePartialNodes(childNodes(node), depth, budget)
		}
		if depth+1 > partialMaxDepth {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cabana: partial output exceeds depth %d", partialMaxDepth)
		}
		if err := budget.take(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		children, err := sanitizePartialNodes(childNodes(node), depth+1, budget)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out := PartialNode{Tag: tag, Attrs: sanitizePartialAttrs(tag, node.Attr)}
		if len(children) > 0 {
			out.Children = children
		}
		return []PartialNode{out}, nil
	default:
		return nil, nil
	}
}

func childNodes(node *html.Node) []*html.Node {
	var out []*html.Node
	for child := node.FirstChild; child != nil; child = child.NextSibling {
		out = append(out, child)
	}
	return out
}

func sanitizePartialAttrs(tag string, attrs []html.Attribute) map[string]string {
	var out map[string]string
	for _, attr := range attrs {
		if attr.Namespace != "" {
			continue
		}
		key := strings.ToLower(attr.Key)
		allowed := partialGlobalAttrs[key] || partialTagAttrs[tag][key] ||
			(strings.HasPrefix(key, "aria-") && len(key) > len("aria-")) ||
			(strings.HasPrefix(key, "data-") && len(key) > len("data-"))
		if !allowed {
			continue
		}
		if (tag == "a" && key == "href") || (tag == "img" && key == "src") {
			if !safePartialURL(attr.Val, tag == "a") {
				continue
			}
		}
		if out == nil {
			out = map[string]string{}
		}
		out[key] = attr.Val
	}
	return out
}

// safePartialURL accepts a same-origin path that starts with exactly one
// slash (never "//" or "/\", which browsers resolve to another host) and, for
// links, a fragment. Whitespace and control characters, which browsers strip
// before resolving, are refused outright, and so is every scheme.
func safePartialURL(raw string, allowFragment bool) bool {
	if raw == "" {
		return false
	}
	for _, r := range raw {
		if r <= 0x20 || r == 0x7f {
			return false
		}
	}
	if raw[0] == '#' {
		return allowFragment
	}
	if raw[0] != '/' {
		return false
	}
	return len(raw) == 1 || (raw[1] != '/' && raw[1] != '\\')
}

// trustedTemplateTypes are html/template's pre-escaped content types. A view
// model carrying them could smuggle markup past autoescaping, so they are
// refused like the model itself.
var trustedTemplateTypes = map[reflect.Type]bool{
	reflect.TypeOf(template.HTML("")):     true,
	reflect.TypeOf(template.HTMLAttr("")): true,
	reflect.TypeOf(template.JS("")):       true,
	reflect.TypeOf(template.JSStr("")):    true,
	reflect.TypeOf(template.CSS("")):      true,
	reflect.TypeOf(template.URL("")):      true,
	reflect.TypeOf(template.Srcset("")):   true,
}

// viewModelBudget bounds how many values refusedViewModel inspects while it
// resolves interface-typed members. A curated view model is small; one that
// is not is refused rather than walked without limit.
const viewModelBudget = 10000

var (
	tablerType       = reflect.TypeOf((*interface{ TableName() string })(nil)).Elem()
	gormModelType    = reflect.TypeOf(gorm.Model{})
	gormDeletedAtTyp = reflect.TypeOf(gorm.DeletedAt{})
)

// refusedViewModel reports why a view model may not reach a template (D-10,
// T-10.1-09). It walks the view model's type through pointers, slices,
// arrays, maps, struct fields and the results of its methods (html/template
// calls methods, and emits a trusted result unescaped), and the values held
// in interface-typed members such as map[string]any. It refuses:
//   - the controller's own model type anywhere in that structure;
//   - any other GORM model: a struct with a TableName method, a gorm struct
//     tag, gorm.Model or gorm.DeletedAt;
//   - html/template's trusted content types.
//
// A method that returns an interface is not called, so what it returns at
// run time is not checked.
func refusedViewModel(cc *CompiledController, vm any) string {
	if vm == nil {
		return ""
	}
	g := &viewModelGuard{types: map[reflect.Type]string{}, holds: map[reflect.Type]bool{}, visited: map[viewModelVisit]bool{}, budget: viewModelBudget}
	if src, ok := cc.Controller.(pact.AdminRecordSource); ok && src != nil {
		if model := src.NewRecord(); model != nil {
			g.model = baseType(reflect.TypeOf(model))
		}
	}
	return g.value(reflect.ValueOf(vm))
}

type viewModelVisit struct {
	ptr uintptr
	typ reflect.Type
}

type viewModelGuard struct {
	model   reflect.Type
	types   map[reflect.Type]string
	holds   map[reflect.Type]bool
	visited map[viewModelVisit]bool
	budget  int
}

// value checks a value's static type, then descends into the values only
// where the type holds an interface, whose dynamic content the type cannot
// show.
func (g *viewModelGuard) value(v reflect.Value) string {
	if !v.IsValid() {
		return ""
	}
	g.budget--
	if g.budget < 0 {
		return "the view model is too large to inspect"
	}
	if v.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
		if v.IsNil() {
			return ""
		}
		return g.value(v.Elem())
	}
	if reason := g.typeReason(v.Type()); reason != "" {
		return reason
	}
	if !g.holdsInterface(v.Type()) {
		return ""
	}
	switch v.Kind() {
	case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
		if v.IsNil() {
			return ""
		}
		key := viewModelVisit{ptr: v.Pointer(), typ: v.Type()}
		if g.visited[key] {
			return ""
		}
		g.visited[key] = true
	}
	switch v.Kind() {
	case reflect.Pointer:
		return g.value(v.Elem())
	case reflect.Struct:
		for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
			if reason := g.value(v.Field(i)); reason != "" {
				return reason
			}
		}
	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
			if reason := g.value(v.Index(i)); reason != "" {
				return reason
			}
		}
	case reflect.Map:
		iter := v.MapRange()
		for iter.Next() {
			if reason := g.value(iter.Key()); reason != "" {
				return reason
			}
			if reason := g.value(iter.Value()); reason != "" {
				return reason
			}
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// typeReason is the refusal reason of a type and everything reachable from
// it, or "". A type in progress counts as accepted, which ends cycles; the
// type that closes the cycle is still checked on its own.
func (g *viewModelGuard) typeReason(t reflect.Type) string {
	if t == nil {
		return ""
	}
	if reason, ok := g.types[t]; ok {
		return reason
	}
	g.types[t] = ""
	reason := g.ownTypeReason(t)
	g.types[t] = reason
	return reason
}

func (g *viewModelGuard) ownTypeReason(t reflect.Type) string {
	if trustedTemplateTypes[t] {
		return "the view model carries pre-escaped html/template content"
	}
	if g.model != nil && t == g.model {
		return "the view model carries the controller's model"
	}
	if gormModel(t) {
		return "the view model carries a GORM model (" + t.String() + ")"
	}
	switch t.Kind() {
	case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
		if reason := g.typeReason(t.Elem()); reason != "" {
			return reason
		}
	case reflect.Map:
		if reason := g.typeReason(t.Key()); reason != "" {
			return reason
		}
		if reason := g.typeReason(t.Elem()); reason != "" {
			return reason
		}
	case reflect.Struct:
		for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
			if reason := g.typeReason(t.Field(i).Type); reason != "" {
				return reason
			}
		}
	}
	methodSets := []reflect.Type{t}
	if t.Kind() != reflect.Pointer && t.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
		methodSets = append(methodSets, reflect.PointerTo(t))
	}
	for _, mt := range methodSets {
		for i := 0; i < mt.NumMethod(); i++ {
			method := mt.Method(i)
			for o := 0; o < method.Type.NumOut(); o++ {
				if reason := g.typeReason(method.Type.Out(o)); reason != "" {
					return "method " + method.Name + " of " + t.String() + ": " + reason
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// holdsInterface reports whether a value of type t can hold an interface
// value, whose dynamic type only the value walk can check.
func (g *viewModelGuard) holdsInterface(t reflect.Type) bool {
	if held, ok := g.holds[t]; ok {
		return held
	}
	g.holds[t] = false
	held := false
	switch t.Kind() {
	case reflect.Interface:
		held = true
	case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
		held = g.holdsInterface(t.Elem())
	case reflect.Map:
		held = g.holdsInterface(t.Key()) || g.holdsInterface(t.Elem())
	case reflect.Struct:
		for i := 0; i < t.NumField() && !held; i++ {
			held = g.holdsInterface(t.Field(i).Type)
		}
	}
	g.holds[t] = held
	return held
}

// gormModel reports whether t is a GORM model: a struct with a TableName
// method, a field with a gorm struct tag, or gorm.Model or gorm.DeletedAt
// itself (both also reached as embedded fields).
func gormModel(t reflect.Type) bool {
	if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
		return false
	}
	if t == gormModelType || t == gormDeletedAtTyp || t.Implements(tablerType) || reflect.PointerTo(t).Implements(tablerType) {
		return true
	}
	for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
		if _, ok := t.Field(i).Tag.Lookup("gorm"); ok {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// baseType strips pointers and the element types of slices, arrays and maps.
func baseType(t reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
	for t != nil {
		switch t.Kind() {
		case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Slice, reflect.Array, reflect.Map:
			t = t.Elem()
		default:
			return t
		}
	}
	return t
}

// partial serves GET .../{controller}/partials/{name} (D-09, D-10, D-11,
// D-17). Without ?id= the view model gets a nil record (a header partial, or
// a form partial on the create form). With ?id= the name must belong to a
// form partial field and the record is loaded through the controller's form
// scope; out of scope is 404. Every render failure, including a cap, is a
// logged 500 with the generic body.
func (s *service) partial(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	s.protect(w, r, func(cc *CompiledController) {
		name := r.PathValue("name")
		compiled, ok := cc.partials[name]
		provider, isProvider := cc.Controller.(pact.AdminPartialData)
		if !ok || !isProvider || provider == nil {
			WriteError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", msgNotFound)
			return
		}
		var record any
		query := r.URL.Query()
		if query.Has("id") {
			id, err := strconv.ParseUint(query.Get("id"), 10, 64)
			if err != nil || id == 0 || !cc.formPartials[name] {
				WriteError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", msgNotFound)
				return
			}
			db, err := s.db()
			if err != nil {
				WriteError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "error", msgServerError)
				return
			}
			record, err = readScopedRecord(r.Context(), db, cc, id)
			if err != nil {
				writeCRUDError(w, err)
				return
			}
		}
		tr := s.translator()
		ctx := towel.WithLocale(r.Context(), schemaLocale(r.Context(), tr))
		fail := func(reason string, err error) {
			slog.Error("cabana: admin partial failed", "controller", controllerID(cc), "partial", name, "reason", reason, "error", err)
			WriteError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "error", msgServerError)
		}
		vm, err := provider.PartialData(ctx, name, record)
		if err != nil {
			fail("view model", err)
			return
		}
		if reason := refusedViewModel(cc, vm); reason != "" {
			fail(reason, nil)
			return
		}
		nodes, err := compiled.render(ctx, tr, vm)
		if err != nil {
			fail("render", err)
			return
		}
		WriteData(w, http.StatusOK, PartialView{Nodes: nodes}, nil)
	})
}